53 



OBSERVATIONS ON THE HABITS OF CERTAIN 

 FLIES, ESPECIALLY Of THOSE BREEDING IN 



MANURE. 



By J. E. M. MELLOR, B.A. 



(With G figures and 4 Charts.) 



CONTENTS. 

 Preface: page 



Discussion of best method and time of attacking the fly 



problem ......... ,03 



Summary of Views of Writers on Hibernation of M. 



domestica up to 1916 54 



Outline of work undertaken . . . . . . 61 



Winter observations : 



Places searched for larvae and pupae; Similar observations 



by other observers; Methods; Parasites; Summary . 62 

 List of flies bred from larvae and pupae collected during 



Winter 64 



Distribution of Flies during Summer and Autumn: 



Places visited: Note on feeding habits of Stomoxys . . 66 

 Observations on Horse Manure Heaps, in Summer: 



Outline of Experiments ; Method ; Summary of observations 

 on temperature; emergence of flies; Lack of attraction 

 of fermented manure for adults and lack of nutriment 

 for larvae of M. domestica ...... 68 



Use of Creosote Oil Mixture on Manure to prevent Fly development 74 



Burial of Material infested by Fly Larvae : 



Military Manual of Elementary Hygiene ; Previous observa- 

 tions — Henri Fabre, Graham-Smith; Methods em- 

 ployed; Results; Table showing flies emerged; Table 

 showing height to which larvae climbed before pupating 80 



Summary 85 



References ....*...... 87 



Charts of Temperature Curves obtained in Manure Experi- 

 ments (pp. 72, 73, 76, 77) 



Preface. 



Since the relation of flies to certain diseases — and the possibility of that 

 relation being of importance — was first appreciated, much attention has 

 been directed to their control, and their habits and life histories have 



