J. E. M. Mklluk 79 



The untreated control showed a higher and c|uicker rise and a lower 

 and more sudden fall than any of the treated tubs. A consideration of 

 the other curves seems to indicate that treatment of manure with either 

 Creosote Oil Mixture or with borax considerably delayed fermentation. 

 So that such manure never pave temperature readings as high as the 

 untreated and took longer to fall to the same level. 



This e.\j)ei'inieiit was started late in the season, wlien the manure 

 possibly contained fewer eggs when collected and sufficient flies did not 

 emerge from it to nuike the result decisive. 



Though no flies emerged from tub 5 in this ex'periment, they did 

 emerge from tub G of the first experiment, which was similarly treated. 

 However, it may be noted that (1) the same quantity of very small flies 

 emerged from the control and from No. 2 and about half that quantity 

 from No. 3, but none from the remainder; (2) of the larger flies {Scatophaga 

 and M. doniestica) most (44) emerged from the control, whilst from each 

 of Nos. 2 and 3, 3 specimens emerged; (3) there was no life in 4, 5, 6 

 (8 galls of Creosote Oil Mixture to 1 ton manure; borax; and borax plus 

 1 gall. Creosote Oil Mixture to 1 ton manure); (4) larvae were visible 

 at any time in the control only; and no flies were caught over 4, 5 

 and 6, which would seem to show that the treatment of 4, 5 and 6 

 prohibited fly developement; (5) none of the larger flies emerged from 

 these tubs in the spring of 1917. 



The results of both these experiments may be summarised thus : 



1. Surface sprayed manure gave higher temperatures than the un- 

 sprayed control, but though there was no sign of larval life on the 

 surface at any time, fly developement was not prevented. 



2. Larvae seem to be able to live just below the surface between the 

 great heat belovv- and the layer of Creosote Oil Mixture above. The tem 

 perature 1 inch below was, in one case, 41° C, which has been quoted as 

 being the lethal temperature for larvae of M. doniestica (Copeman, 1916). 



3. Incremental ti'eatment delays fermentation and consequently 

 rise in temperature. 



With the use of Creosote Oil Mixture in ciuantities up to 2 gallons 

 to 1 ton of manure the temperature curve, though it does not rise so 

 high, resembles that of the untreated manure; but larger quantities and 

 borax, at the rate of 1 oz. borax to 1 quart of water to 1 cu. ft of manure 

 altered the curve considerably. There was no rapid rise or fall as in the 

 untreated heap— 30" C. was hardly exceeded and 21° C. was the lowest 

 temperature reached by manure so treated; whereas the untreated gave 

 readings of 65° C. and 12° C. 



