J. E. M. Mellor 85 



Table III. 



Showing pupae and remains of flies found at different levels; and the per 

 cent, of larvae ivkich had climbed, to unthin one font of the surface before 

 pupating. + = remains of a fly. 



Loam Sand Clay 



Summary of Investigations. 



During the winters of 1915-1916 and 1916-1917 manure heaps and 

 other likely places were searched for dipterous larvae and pupae. During 

 the summer (1916 and 1917) observations were made on fly distribution 

 in town and in country and various experiments were carried out to 

 investigate the temperature conditions in loosely packed and tightly 

 packed manure heaps, and the influence on those conditions and on fly 

 developement of applications of creosote oil mixture and of borax in 

 various quantities; to determine the amount of creosote oil mixture 

 necessary to apply to prevent fly developement and the best way to 

 apply it; to determine whether horse manure which had ceased to fer- 

 ment was still attractive to adult flies or could provide nourishment for 

 their larvae; to find out at what depth fly-larvae-infested material may 

 safely be buried in different soils, loose or rammed, to ensure no flies 

 emerging, and to what height the larvae would climb in those soils 

 before pupating. 



The results may be summarised thus : 



1. Thirty-nine species of fly were bred from larvae or pupae found 

 in natural situations during the winter. Of these 31 are additional to 

 Dr Graham->Smith's (1916) list. 



2. Pupae of Musca domestica were found but the adults were not 

 reared; even though, in one experiment, lots of 1 cwt. of horse manure 

 were kept under observation in barrels from autumn until the following 

 spring. 



