OF ARTS AND SCIENCES. 



329 



The column, on the contrary, has no Wood-relationship with the archi- 

 trave. The two are brought together mechanically from different 

 sources, and exercise only such influence over each other's dimensions 

 as the most ordinary necessities of stability and congruity demand. 

 The abacus, as already remarked, does not properly belong to the pier, 

 although sometimes used with it. When so used, it is not as a devel- 

 opment of the pier itself, but as the mere servitor of the architrave or 

 an actual projection from it. When used with 

 columns it ordinarily binds itself more closely Fl s- 3, 



to the capital than to the architrave. 



This theorizing is justified by the differ- 

 ences between the true and false Doric orders. 

 The former has a peculiar entablature (in- 

 cluding the architrave) which always accom- 

 panies it; the latter has no such invariable 

 accompaniment. And, even were the entabla- 

 ture equally invariable in the two styles, it is 

 yet employed in different ways, the Doric 

 being quite independent of the column and 

 resting on but a portion of its top; the Egyp- 

 tian imposing its thickness upon the shaft-base 

 and resting on the entire shaft-top equally. 

 Further, the abaci are quite dissimilar ; the 

 Greek projecting far beyond the lines of the 

 shaft, and being united to it by a swelling echi- 

 nus ; the Egyptian being merely an outgrowth 

 of the architrave. (Fig. 3.) 



I may note, in closing, that all the differ- 

 ences and resemblances between the two £_ 

 orders are well exhibited in a comparison of 

 the " Grottos " at Benihassan with the cave, to the eastward of Jeru- 

 salem, ordinarily known as the Tomb of St. James.* 



i 



§ 8. General Conclusion. 



This brings me to the end of my subject. If I have succeeded in 

 showing by this rather extended piece of argumentation how the 



* Wilson, Jerusalem, photograph 39 6 ; Pierotti, Jerusalem Explored, plate 60. 



Fig. 3. Side elevation of one of the octagonal piers in the portico of Tomb 1 

 at Benihassan. (From the measurements of Lepsiua.) 



