OF ARTS AND SCIENI ES. 



351 



forms are also found, mostly in later times, which, while preserving the 

 peculiar vertical curves of the norm, seem to be produced by gather- 

 ing four or eight half-bells round a common centre.* Wilkinson, as 

 we saw, threw these compound forms with all the lotus capitals into 



Fi S 10. 



one promiscuous group, which he called " composite "; yet I think that 

 after the difference between the lotus forms and these has once been 

 recognized, the incongruity of that classification will be admitted. On 

 the other hand, the similarity between the simple and compound bell 

 capitals in basal shape appears to me sufficient to warrant their treat- 

 ment together. 



On the strength of these differences a sort of classification of the 

 order may be attempted as follows : — 



Order II. — Papyrus or Bell Columns. 



A. With simple capitals. 



B. With compound capitals. 



1. Of four half-bells. 



2. Of eight half-bells. 



The noteworthy features about the shape of this capital are these. 

 (Fig. 9.) At the bottom it leaves the shaft quite abruptly in a con- 

 vex curve, so that there can be no doubt where the one begins and the 

 other ends. Then, having attained a slight expansion, it rises nearly 

 vertically until about two thirds of its height is reached, when it bends 

 strongly outwards in a concave curve to the flaring edge peculiar to 

 this order. The sweep of this concave curve is sometimes carried up 

 so far that the edge of the capital seems to fall over. This edge is 

 sometimes sharp, sometimes square. In either case it is joined by a 

 bevel to the upper face of the capital. Normally this upper surface is 

 perfectly flat,i: but occasionally it is made to slope gradually up to the 



* Description, i. 21, figs. 1, 3, 4, 6. Ibid., i. 75, figs. 4, 6, 10. 

 t See Ibid., * 7, fig. 1. 



Fig. 10. Outline view of capitals of two groups of Bell Columns, taken from 

 above, showing the important difference between simple and compound 

 bells. (Alter Lepsius and the "Description.") 



