HEIDEL. — IIspl 4>\)o-€a)S. 115 



particularly despised, and his histrionic deportment decried. 133 The 

 physician who desires to appear in public and address the people, should 

 refrain from quoting the poets : such a procedure merely argues inca- 

 pacity for honest work. 134 In public speech or writing, however, one 

 must begin by laying down a proposition to which all may assent. 135 



204 Littre) the physician is bidden to 8£ ?/0os elvai KaXbv Kal dyaOov, toiovtov 8' 6vra 

 wdcn Kal ae/nvbv /cat (pcXdvdpwTrov. IlapayyeXiai, 5 (9, 258 Littre) rts yap cD wpbs Aids 

 7}8e\<pi<r/j.&o5 (called brother, because belonging to the fraternity: cp. Isocr. 19, 30) 

 irjTpbs IrjTpevfLLv ireLtrdeLr} drepa/j-vlrj ; The brotherhood of the fraternity leads to the 

 fraternity of man ! Ibid. 6, t)v 8t Kaipbs eiy X'opvW 7 ? 5 &"& Te ebvri Kal awopeovn., 

 paXicna eirapKieiv toictl TOiovTtoiaiv. r)v yap Trapy (piXavdpwiriri ir&pecrTi /cat <piXoTexvLt]. 

 Xen. Mem. i. 2, 60 refers to Socrates' refusal to receive remuneration for his informal 

 instruction as evidence that he was (piXdvdpwiros and dyporiKos. In like manner Plato, 

 Euthyph. 3 D, explains his lavish expenditure of wisdom as due to (piXavdpwiria, which 

 would not only refuse to accept remuneration but would even display itself in paying 

 the listener to boot. It seems evident that the exalted and even extravagant disinter- 

 estedness of Socrates reflects, though it doubtless carried beyond the common practice, 

 the teaching of the medical schools, and possibly also of .the early philosophical 

 schools. In the medical "Op/cos (4, 628 foil., Littre) the physician swears to regard 

 his teacher as a father, sharing with him his substance, and his teacher's sons as his 

 brothers ; if they desire to learn medicine, he swears 5t5d£eti' rqv t^x v V v ravr-qv . . . 

 dvev fiLadov /cat i;vyypa<p?js. Socrates, like Paul, was a debtor to all men : he could 

 receive pay from none ; for Socrates is the first great cosmopolitan. That the 

 Sophists departed from this custom was one of Plato's severest charges against them. 

 They were like the men of whom Xen. Mem. I. 2, 60 complains, who departed from 

 the philanthropic and demotic way : ovdiva irdnrore p.iffdbv rrjs avvovcrias errpa^aro, 

 dXXa vacnv atpdbvuis ewrjpKei tQv eavrov • &v Tives /xt/cpa p*ep~q irap h<eivov (Socrates) 

 Trpo'.Ka \aj36vres ttoXXou toIs dXXots inuXovv, /cat oh x T)aav Cbairep e/cetVos drj/xoTLKoi. Cp. 

 Hippocrates, II. evo-xvP- ocrv ''V i > 2 (9, 226 Littre) vaaai yap ai p,q fier alcrxpoKepoeiys 

 /cat dcrxfifJ-ocrvvris (sc. Te'x"at) KaXaL These are the truly "liberal" arts. 



133 II. i-qrpov, 4 (9, 210 Littre) ; II. leprjs votiaov, 1 (6, 354 Littre) epol de ooKeovaiv 

 ol TTpCiTOi tovto to v6arjp.a acpieptJicravTes tolovtoi elvai. avdponroi oloi /cat vvv etVt fidyoi re 

 /cat nadaprai /cat dyvpTai Kal dXafiWs, okoctol 8q Trpoo-iroieovTai o~<poopa deo<re(3ees elvai 

 Kal vXeov Tt eldevai ' oStoi to'lvvv Tvapap.Tr exop-evoi /cat Trpo@aW6p.evoi to delov ttjs dfxyxa- 

 vir/s rod firj lo~x €lv °' TL TrpoaeveyKavTes ilxpeXrjaovcriv, ws p.)] /cardo^Xot fwcriv ovdev i-mcrrd- 

 pevoi, lepbv evopuaav tovto t6 Trddos elvai, /cat Xoyovs ewiXe^avTes iTriTrjdeiovs Tqv 'lr\aiv 

 KaTeaTrjaavTO is to dacpaXis crcpiaiv avTolai, nadappous Trpoafiepovres Kal eiraoidds, ktX. 

 (With this passage cp. Plato, Repub. 364 B foil.). Ibid., 18 (6, 396 Littre). Cp. 

 also the portrait of the spurious philosopher, II. evo-xvpovvvys, 2 (9, 226 foil., Littre). 

 Cp. n. 47, above. 



134 IIapa7'yeXtat, 12 (9, 266 foil., Littre). I read (piXowoviys with the vulgate ; 

 Littre reads epiXoTroviy. 



135 IT. ffapuQv, 1 (8, 584 Littre) eyw to. pixP 1 T °v ^yov toijtov Koivrjcri yvwprjji 

 Xpiopac eripwv re tGiv 'ipivpoaQev, drap /cat epieuvTov. (Littre misinterprets this: it 

 means that he shares the common assumption of his predecessors !) dvayxaius yap ?%et 

 KOLvqv dpxh v vTrodeaOai Trjai yviifiricri (3ovX6pevov ^vvdelvai top Xbyov TovSe wepl t?/S Tix vr ls 

 tt)s LT}TpiKT)s, ktX. Cp. II. (pvcrios dfOpuiTov, 1 (6, 32 Littre) for the common assump- 

 tion of the predecessors of whom he speaks at length in what follows. IT. Texvys. 4 

 (6, 6 Littre) eorl p.kv odv poi dpxh tou Xoyov, t) /cat bp-oXoy^d-qaeTai. irapd irdaw. Cp. 



