HEIDEL. — Ilepi 4>vo-€WS. 117 



" There be," we read, 148 " who have reduced vilifying the sciences to 

 a science, as those who engage in this pursuit opine. I think not so ; 

 but they are giving an exhibition of their own learning. To me it ap- 

 pears that to make a discovery, that were better made than left undis- 

 covered, is the desire and function of understanding, and to advance 

 to completion that which is half finished, likewise ; but to essay with 

 ungentle words to shame the discoveries of others, oneself bettering 

 nothing, but casting reproach upon the discoveries of those who know 

 before those who do not know, this appears to me not the desire and 

 function of understanding, but argues natural depravity even 149 more 

 than want of science." Another interesting passage is the following : 15 ° 

 " Medicine has long had an established principle and a method 151 of 

 its own invention, in accordance with which the many excellent discov- 

 eries were made in the long lapse of time and in accordance with which 

 also the rest will be made, if one, having proper capacity and a knowl- 

 edge of past discoveries, shall take these as the point of departure for 

 his quest. But whoso, casting these aside and rejecting all, shall essay 

 to investigate after another method and in other fashion, and shall say 

 that he has discovered aught, is deceived and deceives others ; for that 

 is impossible." Elsewhere we are assured 152 that the science of medi- 

 cine has nothing left it to discover, since it now teaches everything, 

 characters as well as proper seasons. He who has learned its teachings 

 will succeed with or without the favor of fortune. 153 



From this it will be seen that the ancient art or science of medicine 

 had not only developed the spirit of science and formulated in general 

 its ideals, but that in some minds it had attained to a position of such in- 

 dependence that it might lay claim to finality. The fact that the claim 



ovk eodcrav ov8e /caXiDs £qreop.ivqv ryv dpxalyv d7ro/3a.X^cr$cu, el [ty ix €L T£pl iravra d/cpi- 

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 6pdu>s e^evpyrac, Kal ovk awb rvxys. 

 143 II. rixvnh 1 (6, 2 Littre'). 



149 I read in [xaXkov, and drexvlys. 



150 IT. dpxaiys lyTpucrjs, 2 (1, 572 Littre). 



151 Cp. IT. evaxvfJ-oavvys, 2 (9, 226 Littie^, and above, n. 147, Kal ovk dirb tvxtjs. 



152 II. tottoiv tQv Kara dvdpwtrov, 46 (6, 342 Littre) lyrpiKq Sy fioi doxiei i)8y dvev- 

 pyo~8ai oXy, yris ovtws £x«, yrts 8i8dai<ei e/caora Kal to, idea Kal roi/s Kaipovs. 8s yap 

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 tvxV cvTrotyQeiy dv. fiifiyKe yap lyrpiKq iraaa, Kal (paiverai tQiv aocpiufxdTWv rd KaXXt- 

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 io~riv, oirbrav f3ovXyrac 6 emardpevos x/d7)ix#cu, ktX. 



153 Cp. II. Texvys, 4 and 6 (6, 6 and 10 Littre). II. ei/^pawi)!, 7 (9, 258 

 Littre) the charlatans are said to depend on luck. 



