TRICHOMONAD FLAGELLATES. 329 



Kuczynski (1914) after an elaborate investigation of mitosis in 

 T. caviae, T. muris, and T. augusta comes to the conclusion that the 

 new axostyles first appear after nuclear reconstruction and that they 

 are formed by outgrowth from the "Endgranula" even while the 

 paradesmose is still present and are therefore not formed from it as 

 Prowazek (1904) and Dobell (1909) have stated. As to the actual 

 method of their origin he presents no clear and convincing figures 

 (his figures 110-112) or conclusions, but seems to regard the old 

 axostyle and its axostylar chromidia (kapitalen Granula) as dis- 

 integrating and the new axostyles with their chromidia as forming 

 anew (Neubildungen) by outgrowth, but from what is not clear. His 

 figures cited as showing the early indications of the origin of new 

 axostyles as for example his plate 12, figure 24, are far from convinc- 

 ing to us in the light of our own material of the same species. 



We conclude from our examination of previous investigations that 

 they are lacking in critical evidence, except in the Trichonymphidae 

 SC71SU stridu, for the origin of the axostyle from the paradesmose, 

 and that the objective evidence is not incompatible with our own fuller 

 series of stages which show clearly the origin of the axostyle by the 

 longitudinal splitting of the parent axostyle. 



Behavior during Plasmotomy. 



The behavior of the organism in the interval between the completion 

 of mitosis and the termination of plasmotomy is one of ceaseless 

 activity with repeated readjustments of position (PI. 4, Figs. 36-40, 

 Fig. F). These involve almost all conceivable spatial relations of 

 the two nuclei with their attached extranuclear complexes. At 

 1 : 55 P.M. the blepharoplasts were adjacent at one pole and the axo- 

 styles withdrawn within the cytoplasm and presumably parallel 

 (PI. 4, Fig. 38). Within five minutes they had migrated 180° apart 

 and had moved the axostyles in line (PI. 4, Fig. 39) with a change in 

 form of the body from spheroidal to ellipsoidal. This process was 

 repeated no less than four times before 2: 38 p.m. Not only is there 

 movement of each group of flagella with the adjacent nucleus through 

 this arc of 90° but there is also some independent rotation of each 

 individual as indicated by the relative positions, 180° apart, of the 

 undulating membranes of the two at 2:10 and 2:13 respectively. 

 These writhing, twisting contortions continue for four to five hours 

 when finally (PI. 4, Fig. 39) tenacity of the cytoplasm is overcome by 



