PHYSIOLOGY AND MORPHOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA HEPATIC^ 23 



noted that a certain percentage of spores do not germinate at 

 all, but may be seen in a collapsed and shrunken condition 

 within the capsule. 



Most of the plants examined were infected by a mycorrhizal 

 fungus that agrees closely in structure and habit with the one 

 described by Cavers. Our observations confirm this as to the 

 presence of starch within infected cells which is contrary to the 

 view of Golenkin/ who investigated a number of infected 

 hepaticas, including Fegatella, and states that infected cells 

 contain no starch or chloroplasts. 



Our material was found growing on sandy soil containing 

 considerable humus and it was found that but few rhizoids 

 contained hyphae. No plants were observed in which the 

 ventral tissue of the midrib was infected to any extent as 

 shown by Cavers in plants collected near the sewer-like drains 

 of tanneries and similar works. All infected plants were in 

 vigorous, healthy, growing condition and so far as could be 

 ascertained, the presence of a fungus entails no such disastrous 

 effects as one may observe in more delicate forms such as 

 Fossombronia or Anctira. 



ADAPTATION OF CERTAIN LIVERWORTS TO THE DRY SEASON. 



It is commonly assumed that bryophytes are, in general, mois- 

 ture-loving plants. While this is to a great extent true it may 

 easily be shown that there are many important exceptions. 

 Among the mosses we have only to note such forms as Grim- 

 tnia, Iledwegia, AndrecBa and many others common to different 

 parts of the world growing on exposed rock surfaces, with abil- 

 ity to revive promptly and resume growth after the first rain. 

 Likewise many foliose Jungermanniaceas, common in the east- 

 ern part of the United States, are capable of withstanding 

 drought periods of considerable length, lying practically dor- 

 mant throufjhout the rainless interval. To what extent eastern 

 thallose Jungermanniacese are capable of withstanding drought 

 is a question, that so far as the writer is aware, has not yet been 

 investigated. 



In this section of California, and more particularly the low- 



' Loc. cit., pp. 209-220. 



