NOTES ON MIMICRY AND VARIATION — RAINBOW 71 



largest and separated from each other by a nervule ; beyond the 

 series just described there is a subrnarginal and marginal series of 

 waved bluish-grey spots, and these vary both in size and in 

 intensity ; viewed in different angles the colour of these spots 

 varies, a deep purple being sometimes noted ; fringe picked out 

 with patches of white ; between the median and hist submedian 

 nervules there is a small patch of orange. Hind wings have two 

 subrnarginal rows of bluish-grey spots between the nervules, 

 those of the inner row being much the smallest and placed 

 singly, whilst those of the outer row are in pairs; a marginal 

 row of more or less obscure concolorous markings lie close to the 

 outer angle ; fringe as in forewings. On the underside the wings 

 are of a greyish-brown colour. The forewing has the lower half 

 suffused with ferruginous; the transverse fascia beyond the cell 

 is obscurely greyish ; a narrow transverse bar of dark chocolate 

 brown commences near the costal nervure and terminates at the 

 distal extremity of the anal angle : between the costa and the 

 costal nervure there are a number of scattered white scales, 

 whilst just within the cell there are two large patches of white 

 scales, each patch seated upon a dark brown back ground ; beyond 

 the cell and just before the transverse grey fascia there is a third 

 patch of white scales, and these are also seated upon a dark 

 back ground ; the marginal and subrnarginal spots coincide in 

 position to those on the upper surface ; those, nearest the posterior 

 extremity of the anal angle are large and bluish-grey ; the inter- 

 mediate ones are smaller and more or less obscure ; the apical 

 pair of the innermost subrnarginal series are large and oval. On 

 the lower wing there is a faint transverse bar of grey running 

 across the centre of the wing, and this commences with a large 

 roundish grey spot near the middle of the anterior angle ; there 

 is a subrnarginal row of small bluish-<,'iey spots placed singly 

 between the nervules ; below these again a row of large, conical 

 greyish markings seated in pairs between the nervules, and 

 below the latter series a waved greyish line interrupted and 

 broken by nervules. All these spots and markings are promi- 

 nent and distinct on the lower side, whilst on the upper they are 

 obscure. 



The next example to which I desire to draw attention comes from 

 the Clarence River, N.S. Wales (Front., fig. 4). It is as large as 

 the preceding example, but is markedly distinct from it. In this 

 form we can trace what appears to be a further step in the pro- 

 cess of evolution towards the Danaid type. The blue macular 

 fascia referred to as occurring on the upper wing of the former 

 is in the present example a short but prominent, broken, trans- 



