206 KECOKDS OP THE AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM. 



(c) Marlborough. There are two transverse incisions with a 

 contained raised pattern in the form of a cross (PL lx., tig. 9) ; 

 the posterior surface also has a raised surface of a crossed type 

 (PI. lx., fig. 10). These shields are sometimes to be seeu painted, 

 but tlie colours vary. A specimen, with slightly convex back, 

 measured twenty by nine by two and a half inches. 



(d) Tilpal, Torilla. Anterior surface similar to the 

 Yeppoon pattern, and the' posterior (PI. lx., fig. 11) somewhat a 

 development of the Marlborough type. A specimen with dis- 

 tinctly convex back measured twenty-seven and a half by ten and 

 a half by three inches. 



(e) Miriam Vale. Smaller, more truly oval and much more 

 flattened than any of the preceding (PI. lx., figs. 13 and 14); 

 anterior surface blackened. Used for protection in the case of 

 weapons thrown from a distance. The measurements of one 

 example were twenty by ten and three-quarters by one and a half 

 inches. Another type here is heavier (PI. lx., figs. 14 and 15) 

 comparative!}', and differing from all the others in having almost 

 equally convex anterior and posterior surfaces ; it is employed at 

 close quarters for fighting with the heavier varieties of nulla. 

 The measurements of an example were twenty-two by nine by 

 three and a half inches. 



Nothing definite was known concerning shields on the Keppel 

 Islands. 



25. At Brisbane 41 the shield or kuntan 42 was made from 

 "cork-wood" (Erythrine, sp.) by splitting, each split half being 

 trimmed into the ultimate shape required 43 . It was then put 

 aside for two weeks, until quite dry, because while damp the 

 wood could not be charred. The handle was next made as 

 follows: — the two holes were outlined in charcoal, the lines then 

 cut in with a flint or celt, the intervening parts picked and dug 

 out with a hardened-pointed stick, then hot cinders put on and 

 blown on, rnore picking, and finally joining the two holes 

 beneath. The whole surface was next covered with warm beeswax, 

 producing a dark brown colour. There were two kinds of shields, 

 but both called by the same name — a thin broader one for 

 warding off spears in the big tights, and a thick narrower one for 

 receiving blows from waddies in single-hand combat. The 

 former, after the beeswax had dried, was painted with pipe-clay 

 according to pattern (PI. lx., fig. 16) on the upper surface and 

 uniformly covered with it on the under ; the thick narrower 

 shield had nothing on them beyond the beeswax. 



41 Notes from Mr. T. Petrie. 



42 Also the name of the timber from which it was made. 



13 As in the case of the Northern Koolamons. Roth --Bull. 7 — Sect. 62. 



