NORTH QUEKNSLAND KTHNOGaAPHY ROTH. 33 



while at times it nuxy be seen around men's necks when enf^a£;ed 

 in fight. The Cohimbe/la jjardallna, iMina^rck, is put to simihir 

 uses as the Oliva. Between the mouths of the Mitchell and 

 Staaten Rivers, necklaces of the Dentalium (GUN. mandaba- 

 daba), Oliva (GUN. manggo-anda) and (?) Nautilus (GUN. 

 binje-la) are manufactured and worn by men only, the last- 

 mentioned being additionally used as a fore-head band. 



20. Xecklaces ; Oj)oss>i ni. and Kangai-oo Tivine. — There are two 

 varieties of the Opossum-string necklace to l)e observed in the 

 North Western Districts, one of which is constructed on a 

 fringe-, the other on a helly-patterii. The former coii.sists of a 

 main supporting string (a composite basal strand), from which 

 hang some dozens of tassels formed of one continuous length suc- 

 cessively twisted upon itself and around the supporting string ; 

 each tassel is about four inches long^*. It is manufactured in 

 the Boulia, Leichhardt-Selwyn, and Cloncurry Districts, usually 

 by women, is coloured red and primarily intended for use at 

 corrobl)orees ; when niade somewhat larger than usual, us is 

 sometimes the case in the Boulia District, it may be worn as a 

 woman's a})ron-belt. Local names : — PPT. munamalyeri, KAL. 

 and MIT. mittamiko. In the belly-pattern, all the Opossum- 

 hair strands are fixed at either extremity to the tying strings^ ^, 

 but such necklaces, once manufactured at Glenormiston and 

 Roxburgh Downs are extremely rare ; one specimen obtained 

 from the latter station, though manufactured on the proper plan, 

 had the Opossum-string leplaced by cotton threads drawn fron> 

 out of an old sock. 



27. yecklaces : Grass-reed and Fandanus. — The Grass-bugle 

 necklace is made throughout Queensland. In the North-Western 

 Districts it is manufactured usually by the women and is the 

 badge of the first of the initiation ceremonies, whence it can be 

 worn subsequently, on any occasion, by both male and female. 

 In its simplest form it consists of hundreds of grass-reed bugles 

 threaded on a twine from twelve to sixteen feet long tied at its 

 extremities ; the bugles are cut into lengths of from about half to 

 five-eighths of an inch and ovec, either by means of the sharp edge 

 of a mussel-shell or a stone-knife. Such a necklace can be worn 

 just as it is, as a coil wound round and round the neck, or else rolled 

 up into a thick loop so as to make two bellies of it, the ends 

 being attached to tying-strings^®. In other cases the bugles may 



i^Rotli— Bull. 1— Sect. 14, and Plate vii., fig. 6. 

 ''-" Similar opossum-hair necklaces are foiuid on the Tully River. 

 i« Hoth— Ethnol. .Studies, etc., ISOT—Fig. 2G7. 

 3 



