NOHTH QUKKNSI,ANI> KTHNOGUAPHY — ^KOTll. 99 



contact, tli(^ following are tlie titnlai names applied to the 

 males : — 



Kaina-ugauian is a lioy at eaily puberty ; he attends his first 

 initiation ceiemony or yindarang. 



Yel-vigvig after full puberty with a little moustache; he attends 

 the second ceremony oi- yiial. 



Pita-mak is after he develops a full beard and moustache, and 

 having undergone the ceremonies, is now allowed to marry. 



Mo-kauan as age progi'esses, ami mo-(fkwallim when very old, 

 aud the cicatrices fade. 



In the Pennefather River District the following are applied : — 

 Dai-ingata is a boy at early puberty when he first attends the 

 initiation dances (prumo) ; pungandrichi at late puberty when 

 the tooth avulsion takes place ; trallakuto with a beard and 

 moustache ; watapu a verj'^ old man. Ji-opadi is a girl at early 

 puberty ; morgatana at late puberty ; dro-anana after bearing 

 her first child ; and ilo-apruto after the child-bearing age. 



20. With regard to the internal divisions of the group or 

 tribe, depending upon family relationships, I cannot do better 

 than refer the reader, as a preliminary, to a perusal of Chapter 

 iii. of my " Ethnological Studies." 1 there threshed the subject 

 out fairly thoroughly for that district, with the result that, in 

 spite of the very few alterations and additions since discovered 

 and now incorporated, I propose taking it as a standard for 

 comparison. Gamo-matronyms have been found in the East- 

 coast Districts ; in the Rockhampton area^^, except at Gladstone 

 and Miriam Vale, as wittaru and yangaru, corresponding with 

 the Boulia (Pitta-Pitta) utaru and pakuta respectively. 



The four paedomatrouyms of the North West Districts — ^the 

 Kupuru, Wungko, Kurkilla, and Banbari — I have been able to 

 trace personally, since 1895, and to identify practically through- 

 out the length and breadth of North Queensland, except in the 

 Peninsula. (Pennefatlier River) about which something further 

 lias to Ije said. The following is a fairly typical list of them-'" : — 



*" I liad previously denied its occurreuceat Rogkhampton — See Ethnol. 

 atiidies, etc., 1897 -Sect. 62 i. 



^" Only the male form is given, the female is denoted by -n, -an and 

 other sufii.xes. 



