1868.] 425 [Haj-Gs. 



viduals will be able to reproduce as if tliey were of the pure 

 blood."* 



An infallible proof of fineness not mentioned by M. Boulier is in- 

 sisted upon by other writers, viz., the curling of the wool, which is 

 observed upon the young individuals only when they are of the jiure 

 blood, so that all the joung bucks are rejected fi-om the flocks with 

 the utmost care as not being of the pure race, whose wool is not 

 curled. 



It is not to be denied that further observations are greatly to be 

 desired in confirmation of the observation of JM. Boulier. They are, 

 however, referred to by M. Sacc as both "skillful and conscientious" 

 and are relied upon by the latter naturalist as establishing the iden- 

 tity of the species of the black Kurd and white Angora race, ami they 

 . are quoted with approbation by M. Bemis, principal veterinar}- sur- 

 geon of the army of Africa. This identity seems confirmed by the 

 observations of M. Diehl, who has personally visited Angora. "There 

 is also a second, or other variety of Angora or shawl wool goat, 

 besides those generally described. This goat has an unchanging 

 outer cover of long coarse hair, between the roots of which comes in 

 winter an undercoat of downy wool that is naturally thrown off in 

 spring or is carefully combed out for use. A remarkably fine species 

 of this breed exists throughout the area to which the white-haired 

 goat is limited." 



The number of goats of the white race grown in the district of 

 Angora is estimated by M. Sacc and others at three hundred thou- 

 sand, and the product in wool called tiftik by the natives, and mohair 

 in England, at two million pounds. The English tables of Turkish 

 exports make the product in 180 7 a little over four million pounds. 

 Formerly the wools of Angora were wholly spun or Avoven in place, 

 and were exported in the form of yarns or camlets, of which the city 

 of Angora sold in 1844, thirty-five thousand pieces to Europe. The 

 exportation of the wool was prohibited through the same wise policy 

 which enabled England by its monopoly of the combing wools to 

 build up its stupendous worsted manufacture. Some twelve hundred 

 looms were employed. The natives displayed great skill in making 

 gloves, hosiery and camlets tor exjiortation, and summer robes of 

 great beauty tor the Turkish grandecs.f The town flourished and 



* Bull, siipr. cit., T. v.. p. 168. The facts stated by M. Boulier may seem incon- 

 sistent with the views elsewhere presented in this article as to tlie slowness of 

 improvement by crossing. The identity of species in the black and white race 

 is not settled by this naturalist. The power of deviation within wide limits may 

 be a characteristic of this species in domesticating ; and these facts, to use the 

 language of I'rof. Agassiz in relation to deviations of species, may "only jioiut 

 out the range of flexibility in types which in their essence are invariable," A 

 Journey in Brazil, p. 42. 



tSouthey on Colonial Wools. 



