Wyman.] 454 [April 15, 



tution. Besides the measurements of the above, I have added those 

 of an Esquimau skull from Labrador, belonging to Dr. Luther 

 Parks, of casts of the crania, one each, of an Esquimau and Tun- 

 guse in the Museum of Conqiarative Zoology in Cambridge, and of 

 twenty crania of Esquimaux from the eastern and western shores of 

 Arctic America and from Greenland. These last are the average of 

 measurements extracted trom the Thesaurus Craniorum of Dr. Davis. 



The crania of Tsuktshi are so rare, that notwithstanding the small 

 number, I have ventured to make comparison between these and 

 crania from the arctic shores, and northwest portions of America. 

 The crania from the Yukon River have an especial interest, since they 

 come from a region so nearly adjoining that occupied by the Esqui- 

 maux, which last, of all the American races, most nearly resemble 

 Mongolians. 



AiTanging the crania in three groups, viz.: the Tunguse and the 

 Tsuktshi, the Esquimaux, and the North American Indians, it will 

 be seen by an inspection of the table that the Tunguse, Tsuktshi and 

 Esquimaux more nearly resemble each other, than either of these do 

 the North American Indians. The largest number of maxima are 

 found in the first and second groups, and of minima in the third. 

 In the lower jiart of the table, under each of the different heads, the 

 races are arranged in the order of the numerical superiority of their 

 respective measurements. In the case of casts, several measurements 

 were necessarily omitted. 



The Californians are the most brachycephalic, and the Esquimaux 

 the most dolichocephalic. The Esquimaux exceed all others in 

 height, and all except the Tunguse in circumference. The Tsuktshi 

 crania are the most capacious. 



The position of the foramen magnum in the Tsuktshi, as will be 

 seen by the table, p. 446, is very nearly the same as in the white races, 

 the index being 45.3; in the single Esquimau in which it was deter- 

 mined it is 43.7, in the Californians it is 42.2, and in the Yukon 

 Kiver Indians only 40.2. 



Excepting the crania cited from the Thesaurus Craniorum of Dr. 

 Davis, where the peculiarity is not considered, all the others but four 

 are deficient in the sharp ridge of bone which is so distinct in Euro- 

 peans, and forms the boundary between the floor of the cavity of the 

 nostrils, and the outer surface of the upper jaw. 



The crania of the Flatheads exceed in capacity those from the 

 Yukon River and Califoimia, showing that the artificial distortion does 

 not necessarily diminish their size. The other measurements of this 

 group serve to show the effects of compression, but are not suited for 

 close comparisons with the other races. 



