332 RAMBLES OF A NATURALIST. 



His younger brother, who had been called by him to 

 Paris, and who had become his confrere at the Academy, 

 did not survive him many years, and both brothers died 

 of the same form of pulmonary disease.* The son of 

 Frederick Cuvier entered into the service of the govern- 

 ment, and thus the name of Cuvier has no longer any 

 representative in science. (For further information on 

 the life and writings of Cuvier, we may refer to the 

 work of Duvernoy, which has been already noticed, and 

 that of M. Flourens, entitled Cuvier ; Histoire de ses 

 Travaux.) 



Note X. 



Francois Arago, who was born at Estagel in 1786, 

 and died at Paris in 1853, was a member of the Institute, 



* Frederick Cuvier was born at Montbeliard in 1773, and died at 

 Strasbourg in 1838. He was very inferior to his brother, and in his 

 childhood he had even given up his studies, and been apprenticed 

 to a watchmaker ; but when once he was brought in contact with 

 his illustrious brother, he appreciated the duties which such a 

 position involved, and began completely to re-educate himself. He 

 soon devoted his attention to the natural sciences, and, in aiding his 

 brother to classify and arrange the collections of the Jardin des 

 Plantes, he became a naturalist. Having been appointed in 1804 to 

 the directorship of the Menagerie, he found ample subjects of study 

 in harmony with his tastes and capacity. He now began to investigate 

 the instincts of animals, and more especially of mammals, and his 

 memoirs on this subject are extremely important. He was the first 

 among naturalists who clearly distinguished in animals between a 

 blind instinct and intelligence, and he showed in several of their 

 actions the union of these two widely different faculties. In this 

 respect he may be said to have been far superior to all his 

 predecessors, not excepting Reaumur and Buffon. He has also 

 left several important works, namely, Des Dents des Mammiferes ; 

 V Histoire des Cetaces, which forms part of the Suites a Buffon ; and, 

 in conjunction with Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, VHistoire des Mammi- 

 feres. 



