Ll. Lloyd 99 



in some characteristic manner so that they may be kept for this purpose 

 alone. If a nurseryman consents to store a salesman's baskets in his 

 glasshouses over the winter he should insist on their being first sterilised 

 by heat. 



The canes should be dipped for a few seconds in boiling water to 

 kill any pupae that may be in them. 



The houses should if possible be drenched with boiling water before 

 the mulch is removed. Most of the pupae on the ground lie in, or just 

 below, this and if it is taken away untreated some of them will become 

 moths in the following summer. The mulch also contains many wire- 

 worms and should not be spread on the fields untreated for this reason 

 also. If the soil is heavy and wet the pupae lie very superficially, but 

 in light dry friable soil they may go to a greater depth. Whenever the 

 soil comes close up to a pipe a spadeful should be dug out from below 

 it and spread thinly over the mulch before the drenching. The grower 

 should inspect his own infested houses and if he finds the pupae at a 

 greater depth than an inch along the walls and around the piers, a 

 spadeful of earth should be removed and spread before the boiling water 

 is used. After this operation a number of pupae should be collected 

 from a variety of positions on the ground and should be placed in a 

 plant-pot on moist earth. After an interval of three or four weeks they 

 should be broken open. If the contents are green and fresh they are 

 still alive and the drenching has been inefficiently done. If the contents 

 are brown and corrupt, or dry, the insects are dead. It is not possible 

 to tell after the brief immersion in hot water whether the pupae are 

 alive or dead unless they are kept some time. Boiling water will be found 

 more effective than carbolic acid for this pest. 



Fowls or pigs would scratch up and eat a large number of pupae, and 

 may be allowed in the infested blocks with advantage during the winter. 



All crevices and joints in the woodwork should be examined from the 

 ground to the ridge. The old nests of spiders frequently conceal pupae 

 behind them. They are also often found spun up in the angles between 

 the glass and the wood, and are then somewhat inconspicuous. They 

 are often hidden in the wooden ventilators in the walls, and as moths 

 from these would emerge late in the spring, owing to their being kept 

 cool, they should be especially looked for. The stonework should be 

 pointed and lime-washed. It would be a good plan to pass the flame of 

 a painter's blow-lamp into all crevices of the woodwork, especially about 

 the gutter-boards. 



7—2 



