Walter Ritchie 311 



tenth segment has the dorsal lobe rounded in shape above, and the 

 ventral lobes projecting in part from below it. In all the thoracic and 

 abdominal segments except the tenth abdominal, the pleural fold or 

 lobe (pi) is seen projecting on each side of the larva. 



Now laying the larva on its dorsal surface so as to view it from the 

 ventral side, the first thoracic segment (Fig. 10 b) shows three regions or 

 folds, the presternum (pr), the eusternum (es), triangular in shape, and 

 the sternellum (stl), almost rectangular in form. 



On the mesothoracic and metathoracic segments, in ventral view, 

 may be seen a thick row of short stiff bristles divided transversely by 

 a depression into two folds, the anterior of which is the eusternum (es), 

 and the posterior, the sternellum (stl). 



The first seven abdominal segments resemble each other in appear- 

 ance. Their sternal areas are developed into fleshy protuberances, the 

 ambulatory ampullae (aa) carrying short stiff bristles (Fig. 10 b). The 

 sternal ampullae however show only one transverse depression. Each 

 ampulla is surrounded by a swollen area called the hypopleurum (hyp). 



The eighth and ninth segments show no ampullae and hence no 

 hypopleura; the tenth shows the two latero-ventral lobes. In all the body 

 segments except the last the pleural lobe (jul) is seen projecting laterally; 

 in the first thoracic segment this area may be easily picked out by its 

 reddish-yellow colour. 



The Pupa. 



The pupa (Figs. 11-13) at first is shiny-white in colour. As develop- 

 ment progresses, a darker colour is first noticeable in the eyes and man- 

 dibles. Later, the whole of the body takes on the colour of the adult 

 insect. The size varies slightly in the sexes and in different specimens of 

 the same sex. In length, the male is on an average 24 mm. while the 

 average breadth at base of the elytra is about 7-5 mm. In the female, the 

 average length is 26 mm. while in breadth it measures 9 mm. The head 

 has the same general appearance as that of the adult, only it is bent 

 underneath the body so that the mouth parts point backwards. 



In a side view of the pupa (Fig. 11) the various appendages of the body 

 are visible. The antennae (a) arise on the side of the head in front of the 

 eyes (ey), and are directed backwards along the sides of the body, their 

 apical portions curling round and lying alongside the first two pairs of 

 legs. The joints of the antennae are ill-defined and hence their number 

 cannot be made out with accuracy, but the difference in length of the 

 antennae in the sexes is as marked as in the case of the adult insect. In 



