100 PRESIDENTIAL ADDRESS SECTION E. 



patient. Like quacks we are proposing to make use of nostrums, 

 and so we' hear one section, generally Europeans, saying that if 

 only we had segregation all would be well, while the other, gener- 

 ally Native, says that the franchise is the only remedy. The fact 

 is that we are not ready to prescribe a remedy, because we have 

 not sufficiently diagnosed the disease, and studied the treatment. 

 Just as the war needed the chemist, the physicist, and the engineer, 

 so the Native question needs the human-nature scientists, namely, 

 the political scientist, the economist, the psychologist, and socio- 

 logist. It is not that we have not studied some Native matters in 

 a scientific manner. The philologist has found, and is still find- 

 ing, much in the languages of our Native peoples of interest and 

 importance; the ethnologist has studied the varieties of the human 

 race found in our country, but the majority of these studies have 

 been made of the Native in his primitive or isolated state, when 

 he has been little or not at all influenced by contact with white 

 civilisation, and when he has not, therefore, become a problem to 

 the European in the same sense in which the less romantic but 

 much more troublesome educated or semi-educated Native is a 

 problem. It is from the Native in contact with the European that 

 the Native problem arises, and there is a great dearth of studies of 

 the Native in this relationship. In the hope that I may be able 

 to suggest some lines of investigation to officials, missionaries, and 

 students of Native affairs, I propose to classify roughly the chief 

 aspects in which the Native is a problem and to offer definite topics 

 for monographic treatment by men and women of science. If some 

 of these topics appear simple to this meeting let it be remembered 

 that there are pack-bearers as well as field-marshals in the army 

 of science. 



Political Situations. 



In connection with the government of the Native we have a 

 situation which is difficult of classification. In the Cape Province 

 any Native who has property to the value of seventy-five pounds, 

 or who is in receipt of a wage of fifty pounds a year, and can write 

 sufficiently to fill in the registration form, has the same right to 

 the franchise as the European, and can sit as a member of the 

 Provincial Parliament, though not of the Union House of 

 Assembly. It is difficult to say how many Native voters there are 

 in the Cape, but in 1919 the number of voters "other than 

 European" was 33,139, which is about 20 per cent, of the total 

 roll. In the other Provinces the Native has neither the Union 

 nor Provincial franchise, and while the mass of the Natives do not 

 want the vote particularly, the educated few protest strongly 

 against this differential treatment. 



In the Glen Grey District of the Cape Province, where since 

 1894 there has been a Council consisting of a European Magistrate, 

 six nominated and six elected Native councillors, we have the first 

 attempt to give the Natives a share in the management of local 

 matters, such as education, roads, irrigation, the encouragement 

 of agriculture, etc. The financial position in Glen Grey for the 

 year 1918-1919 shows a revenue of £8,208 and an expenditure of 



