PRESIDENTIAL ADDRESS SECTION E. 107 



As suggestions for psychological research I would offer the 

 following: — 



1. The relative mentality of Europeans, Eur- Africans, 



and Natives as determined by tests not involving the 

 use of language. 



2. An adaptation of the Binet-Simon tests for Natives. 



3. Relative ethical standards of Europeans and Natives 



as determined by means of tests involving their re- 

 actions to problems on ethical situations. 



4. A study of a group of Eur- Africans living under Native 



conditions with a view to determining the effect of the 

 European strain. 



5. The musical ability of Natives. 



Sociological Relationships. 



Sociologically the Native is changing very rapidly under direct 

 or indirect education by the European. His tribal customs are 

 rapidly breaking down, and he is reorganising his social life on a 

 new basis by adopting European habits of life. The adjustment is 

 not easy and we find that it is at present the lower and more obvious 

 aspects of our civilisation such as our food, our clothing, and our 

 dwellings which are making the strongest appeal. 



The beginnings of political and industrial groupings are clearly 

 seen. The Native Teachers' Associations of the Cape and Natal 

 have grown from mutual improvement societies to organisations 

 for collective bargaining, and early this month the Natal Native 

 Teachers' Union gave evidence of this new spirit by an attempted 

 bovcott of the Government's vacation course. The Industrial and 

 Commercial Workers' Union of South Africa, which organised the 

 recent strike at Port Elizabeth, pleads in the Native paper, 

 V mteteli wa Bantu, of July 2 for reinforcements, saying, inter 

 alia: "We should make up our minds to refuse to be dictated 

 to by European trades unions. The right to sell our labour to tha 

 best market and to keep the market so reasonably high as to 

 guarantee us not only a decent living but also to furnish the 

 necessary means of life, is irrevocable. We alone can sacrifice it, 

 alienate it, or give it away as a perpetual heritage to the European 

 by surrendering to economic slavery. Workers, we have lost all in 

 this country to the European, .must we give up also the last and 

 only right we can still claim to possess? God forbid. Come, let 

 us reason together. Remember the 20th July at Capetown." In 

 Johannesburg and other large cities there are small sectional 

 unions. So far the conduct of these Unions has been characterised 

 by much unw T isdom, but there is no doubt that they are learning 

 improved methods of action from white industrialists and that, 

 if I am reading aright the signs of the times, before long the 

 European employer will have to bargain collectively with the 

 Natives. 



However much we may regret the formation of these unions 

 a study of the struggle between capital and labour in England in 

 the nineteenth century must convince us that an amelioration of 

 social conditions appears to be impossible without collectivism. "In 

 ;all the movements [to an improved condition of the workers] we 



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