FORMER LAND CONNECTIONS. 



13T 



cover an enormous territory, while their Indian equivalents are 

 represented in the Rajniahal Hills, near Calcutta. 



Both Tasmania and South Victoria Land were extensively 

 invaded by dolerites belonging to the intrusive phase, but no basalts 

 have been preserved. 



These tremendous outbursts at the beginning of the Jurassic 

 epoch interrupted the life history of Gondwanaland very consider- 

 ably; sedimentation was restricted, and only along the now sub- 

 merging coastlines were the remains of plants and animals preserved 

 in estuarine or marine beds. In both South Africa and South 

 America the gap is most extensive; in Madagascar the plants and 

 the dinosaurian remains are of European genera, but it is really 

 not until the Cretaceous epoch that the history of Gondwanaland 

 becomes clearer. 



Crustal Movements. 



The breaking up of the ancient continent with redistribution 

 of the land and water formed a part of an ordered scheme of crustal 

 movements upon the earth, the reasons for which will have to be 

 briefly discussed. 



Examination of the past history of the globe has shown that 

 there has been throughout the various geological epochs a fairly 

 regular series of operations around the margins of the continents, 

 namely 1) deposition of sediment in the ocean, (2) depression of its 

 floor, (3) compression and upheaval of the latter, (4) igneous 

 effusion and injection — the cycle being subject, of course, to certain 

 local modifications. 



Fig. 2. 



