STRANDLOOPER INSTRUMENTS AND ORNAMENTS. 457 



terised by the smallness of the implements." But Johnson himself 

 rejected any such explanation of the disparity in size. He laid 

 stress on the fact that the large scrapers are all made of lydian 

 stone and the small ones from small pebbles of jasper or agate, 

 etc. ; and, in his opinion, the character of the scrapers on any 

 particular site was determined chiefly by the nature of the avail- 

 able material. The two types seemed to him of the same class and 

 contemporary. 



My own opinion, based on the Wilton data, favours the sug- 

 gestion of Mons. Rutot, no assumption of age being involved. 

 The workers of this site certainly had no opportunity of using 

 lydianite, yet they nevertheless succeeded in making numerous 

 comparatively large flakes from a local fine-grained surface 

 quartzite. Most of these flakes, which are very thin, measure in 

 length from one and a half to two inches, and, no doubt, scrapers 

 of corresponding size might easily have been made, if desired ; 

 but such large scrapers are almost entirely absent from the Wilton 

 collections. 



However this may be, a Bushman origin for the Wilton 

 crescents may be inferred from the cultural associations. The 

 ostrich-shell beads and rock paintings suggest that conclusion, but 

 additional weight is given from the fact that an adult skull (Plate 

 XII, Fig. 14) clearly referable to some branch of the Bushman race, 

 was unearthed from the same rock-shelter. This skull is now in 

 the Albany Museum, having been presented thereto by Mr. W. W. 

 Wilmotj the owner of the farm. It agrees with the type differen- 

 tiated as Strandlooper by Dr. Shrubsall, being just brachycephalic 

 (Index 80), as also is another much younger specimen from the 

 same place. 



Remains of four burials, all probably of the same race, were 

 found at the rock-shelter, and in each case the corpse had been 

 covered by large flat stones painted with red on their under sur- 

 faces. Despite the fact of definite burial, we may assuredly 

 connect the skeletons with the other objects above mentioned. 

 Many of the beads were taken directly from the skeletons: others 

 were found in the debris of the floor, along with pygmy imple- 

 ments, some of which were made, in all probability, for use in 

 the bead industry. The same association of beads with pygmy 

 implements is recorded from up-country sites by Johnson, and 

 may be accepted as original. 



The use of red pigment also affords a probable connecting 

 link between the crescents and the skeletons, yet considering its 

 prevalence from the cave period of Europe up to recent times, 

 it is not alone sufficient to prove the genuineness of the association. 

 It is nevertheless interesting to note that red haematite has been 

 found on Tardenoisian sites in the region of the Meuse. However, 

 as long ago as the first division of the reindeer age, the 

 Aurignacian period, it was customary to bury lumps of red ochre 

 with the dead so that they might make a fitting show in the 

 under world. I may add that on various sites in Europe, in both 

 Palaeolithic and Neolithic times, human skeletons extensively 

 stained with red on the skulls and bones have been found. Some 



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