466 STRANDLOOPER INSTRUMENTS AND ORNAMENTS. 



collected by Miss Mary Bowker on a surface site near a tributary 

 of that river, on the farm Cossackpost, near Rosmead, greatly 

 resembles the narrow implement from Kleinemonde, but is larger, 

 being four inches long, and seems to have had no bulb of per- 

 cussion. The Cossackpost specimen (Fig. 8), is of black lydianite, 

 not weathered, and the same site has yielded numerous large 

 end-scrapers and flakes. 



Lastly, there is in the Transvaal Museum a fine large 

 spear-head, which, according to the authorities of that institution, 

 was probably collected near Port Alfred. The surface quartzite 

 from which it was made is not quite like that of any Port Alfred 

 specimen in our collection, and there is no pitting nor gloss such 

 as exposed implements acquire at the coast. I believe neverthe- 

 less that it must have come from some part of the southern coast, 

 which view is also maintained by one of our most experienced 

 geologists, Professor E. H. L. Schwarz. The specimen (Fig. 5), 

 is noteworthy for its characteristic shape, but the surface flaking 

 is comparatively coarse. It is worked from a flake on both fac>s 

 almost throughout, except that the mesial portion of the original 

 lower surfaoe remains untouched over a considerable area; the 

 original surface is also present at the truncated butt end, which 

 is triangular. There is no trace left of the dorsal ridge, excepo 

 possibly just at the base, and the bulb of percussion is quite 

 obliterated. The edge all round is rather sharp and slightly 

 sinuous, as in "bouchers," owing to the alternative flaking. The 

 edge working is nowhere very fine, but moderately fine trimming 

 occurs towards the tip of the implement. The length is 4.8 inches, 

 breadth 1.9 inches, thickness 0.62 inches. This specimen has 

 some likeness to the best type of Palaeolithic "boucher," but 

 differs from any such specimen in our collection, not only in shape, 

 but also in its thickness: in this latter respect again, it differs 

 from the typical leaf-shaped implements of the Solutrean period, 

 which are markedly thin. 



Conclusion. 



On their morphological characters, the stone implements found 

 on several cave sites in the Albany district seem to belong to at 

 least two distinct cultures. The rock paintings occurring at such 

 sites are also of several techniques, including superior bichrome 

 representations of antelopes and very inferior figures of fat-tailed 

 sheep, the latter being of more recent age. Two types of human 

 skulls have been found in the same caves, one short-headed and 

 prognathous and other mesaticephalic and very prognathous. 



Although the evidence is somewhat incomplete, there is 

 sufficient to make the following correlations highly probable: — 



(1) Shortheaded orthognathoits "Bushmen" (alias Straud- 

 loopers of Dr. Shrubsall), makers of crescents and pygmy 

 implements of all kinds, also of very small ostrich-shell beads, 

 painters of the best animal figures, date uncertain, but probably 

 earlier than ('2), lived in caves and also at the coast. 



