310 



SUGGESTIONS ON FRUIT CLASSIFICATION. 



fruits, which dehisce to allow the seeds to escape ; 2n(l. Splitting- fruits 

 or scliizocarps, which break iuto pieces, which do uot allow tlie escape of 

 the seeds ; and 3rd. Fruits which ueither dehisce nor fall iuto iudehiscent 

 pieces, including berries, drupes, and achenes. As this last group is very 

 heterogeneous. Dr. Dickson prefers to consider berries, drupes, and 

 achenes severally, as forms of equal value with capsules or scliizocarps, 

 and therefore would divide fruits into five groups, viz. Capsules, Schizo- 

 carps, Achenes, Berries, and Drupes, as will be seen in the following 

 table : — 



Classification of Fruits. 



Simple. [Pro-T 1. Follicle. Dehiscing by 

 bably the two forms 

 included under this. 



one suture, usually the ventral, 

 e. g. Caltha, Magnolia, etc. 

 head should be em- 1 2. Legume. Dehiscing by 

 braced by a single both sutures, e. g. Cytisus, Vi- 



terra.] 



I. Capsule. — 

 Dry, dehiscing tO( 

 allow the seeds to 

 escape. 



Compound. 



r 



II. Schizocarp. — ^ 

 Dry, breaking up 

 into indehiscent 

 pieces. [ 



Breaking longi- 

 tudinally into inde-<I 

 hisccnt cocci. 



Breaking trans- 

 versely iuto one- 

 seeded joints. 



Breaking first 

 longitudinally, then 

 transversely. ! 



\cia, etc. 



3. (Name wanted.) Seeds 

 escaping by longitudinal rup- 

 ture of the wall of the capsule 

 (dehiscence by valves, teeth, or 

 pores), e. g. Brassica, Fiola, 

 Rhododendron, Iris, Lychnis, Pa- 

 paver, Campnnnla, etc. 



4. Pyxidium. Seeds escap- 

 ing by transverse rupture of the 

 wall of the capsule (dehiscence 

 circumscissile), e.g. from supe- 

 rior ovary, AnagaUis, Plantago, 

 Hyoscyamvs, etc. ; from inferior, 

 Bertholletia, etc. 



5. Regma. Seeds escaping 

 by rupture along the inner 

 angles of the lobes, into which 

 the fruit separates, e. g. Gera- 

 nium, Enphorhia, etc. 



6. Career idus. Lobes not 

 hanging from forked carpophore, 

 e. g. Tropaolum-, Borago, etc. 



7. Cremocarp, Lobes sepa- 

 rating from below, and, for a 

 time, hanging from extremities 

 of forked carpophore, e. g. (from 

 superior ovary) Acer, and (from 

 inferior ovary) Uinhelliferce. 



8. Lomerdum, e. 

 pus, etc. 



g:. Ornilho- 



9. (Name wanted), e. g. Pla- 

 tystemon. 



