354 THE TATE JAMES BACKHOUSE. 



found in 1821. From 1843 to 1865 the two Backhouses worked 

 together. In the former year they discovered Highcup Scar, 

 where Saxifraga nivalis L. was found ; and in the same year 

 Veronica triphyllos L. near Acomb, York, and Barbarea striata 

 Andrz. on Thorne Moor. In 1815 they went to Scotland, and on 

 the 21th of July first found Hieracium chrysanthum Backh. and 

 Athyrium flexile Syme in Glen Prosen. The summer of 1847 was 

 devoted to Cumberland, where they discovered Saxifraga Hirculus 

 L. at Knock-ore-Gill, and Hieracium holosericeum Backh. on Glara- 

 mara. During a visit to the Spital of Glen Shee in 1848 they 

 found Sagina nivalis Fr. on Glas Mhiel, and Gnaphalium norvegicum 

 Gunn., Gentiana nivalis L., Veronica saxatilis L., and Juncus cas- 

 taneus Sm. in Canlochen Glen. Here a crag adventure is alluded 

 to, but no details are given. The summers of 1849 and 1850 were 

 devoted to the Clova and Braemar districts ; it is unnecessary here 

 to give a long list of the now well-known rarities that they found in 

 these regions, except to quote the note, " Poa minor first? " Norway 

 was the subject of their explorations in 1851, where Mr. Backhouse 

 painted a most remarkable picture showing the effects among the 

 mountains of a total eclipse of the sun. The picture was completed 

 from notes made on the spot, and is of great interest. The spring 

 of 1852 again found them in Teesdale, where on the 25th of May 

 they discovered Myosotis alpestris Schmidt for the first time in 

 England. Their summer holiday was devoted to the explora- 

 tion of Forfarshire and Aberdeenshire, and great Hieracium hunts 

 in both the Clova and Cairngorm Mountains are especially alluded 

 to. Among the more noteworthy plants mentioned are Cystopteris 

 alpina Desv. var. Dickieana Milde, Poa laxa Haenke and P. stricta 

 Lindb., Drosera anglica Huds., b. obovata M. & K., Arabis petma rosea, 

 and Lactuca alpina Bentham. In 1853, Gordale and Giggleswick 

 Scars, near Settle, were explored, but no note is made as to what 

 plants were found. 



Of a visit to Ireland in 1854 there are no particulars given 

 beyond the record of their finding Hieracium iricum Fr. at Letter- 

 frack. Cystopteris montana Bernh. was discovered in Canlochen 

 Glen in 1855, and Ajuga pyramidalis L. was gathered in Sutherland 

 in 1856. Saxifraga Sternbergii Willd. was found in Cumberland in 

 1857. Woodsia was collected on Craig Chaillach and the Killin 

 Mountains in 1859, and reference is made to a "crag adventure 

 with father and Thomas Westcombe." The Breadalbane Hills 

 were again visited in 1861, when special mention is made of the 

 occurrence of Cystopteris montana Bernh. on Mael Ghyrdy. Another 

 exploration of Teesdale in the spring of 1862 revealed Viola 

 arenaria DC. as a British plant, and the blue variety of Polygala 

 amara Jacq. var. uliginosa Fr. In 1863 Saxifraga caspitosa L. was 

 gathered on Twl Ddu, in North Wales, and a great hunt made for 

 Trichomanes radicans Sw. Asplenium lanceolatum Huds. was found 

 at Portmadoc. James Backhouse, sen., made his last excursion to 

 Wales in May, 1865, when Lloydia was gathered in flower on the 

 crags of Ys Golion Duon, and " Cineraria maritima" (Senecio spathu- 

 lifolius DO.) at Holyhead. In 1866, Teesdalia nxulicaulis R. Br., 



