THE TVPE-SPECTES OF BfOXOXTA 2.37 



Biqnonia L. (ITo^^) tliu.s comprised six genera of Bifjnoniece and 

 seven of Tecomete besides one eacli of Lotjaniacece and Vitacew. 

 Bureau (Monogr. IJignon. 44, t. 7; ISGl), followed by K. Schumann, 

 regarded 7i.«*;iy«/.s'-tv?y/ {Boraufha nmpds-cati) as the type; Britton 

 (111. Fl. ed. 2, iii. 2;J7 ; 1918), on tlie other hand, stated that tlie 

 typo-species was B. radicaus {(Jainpais radicans). Jiritton\s con- 

 clusion, if conlinued, would entail the re-naming of the tribe Bh/- 

 noniece, since, according to liis view, Bit/nonia is one of the Tecomrcc 

 {Cfif/ipsfV). Foi-tunately, however, there api)ears to be no doubt that 

 B. cupreolata {Aniaosfichua capreolatus) is the ty|)e-species, wjiether 

 under the recent American Regulations for fixing generic types 

 {Science, n. s. xlix. ;3:33 ; 1919), or according to the method of 

 " residue," 



As Biqnonia was originally described ))y Tournefort (Klem. Bot. 

 183, t. 72; 1694), the type should be selected from those species 

 common to Tournefort's Element and the first edition of the Species 

 Flanfarum, namely from B. tmr/ftis-cafi, cequinoctialis, cnpreohita, 

 radicans and imlica (Amer, Beg., Art, 7, c). Linnaeus (Gen. PI, 

 ed. 5, 278) cited Tournefort's plate, which is decisive (Art. 6, b). 

 B. capreolata was the species fujured by Tournefort (Elem, Bot. 

 t. 72, fig. A-])^ — the capsule apparently represents some other 

 ]5ignoniad), and should tiieiefore be accepted as the type-species 

 (Art. 7, a, 2), The hisforicallf/ oldeai species (Art, 7, e), on the 

 other hand, appears to be B. radicans {GeUeminum Indicum maximum 

 fore pliodui ceo Ferrarius, Fl, Cult, 19(j, 199: 1G88 ; Geheminum, 

 ederaceum Indicum Oornutus, Hist, 102 cum, ic, ; 1G85). B. capreo- 

 lata, however, was well-known to botanists in the second half of the 

 seventeenth century. It had been recorded in 1058 and l(iG9 as 

 cultivated in the Botanic Garden, Blois (Clematis tetraphi/llos 

 Americana Brunyer, Hort, Keg, Bles, 19; M orison, Hort, Me^. Bles. 

 Auct. 54) ; and in 1665 in the Paris Botanic (ianlen {Clematis 

 tetrapliylJos Americana Bif/ital is Jf ore ^o\Wii\\ei, Hort, Keg, Par. €>''^). 

 Boccone saw it in gardens at Florence during the following decade 

 {Clematis tetraphi/lla Americana Boccone, Ic. 31, t, 15, fig, 8; 

 1674) ; and Zanoni had it in cultivation at Bologna for a long time 

 previous to 1675 {Clematide tetraphyUa Americana Zanoni, 1st. Bot, 

 74, t, 28; ed, Montius, 49, t. 83, as Bif/nonia American<( capreoJis 

 donata siliqua hreviori), Dodart described and figured it indepen- 

 dently in 1676, and suggested that a new genus might be established 

 for the reception of this species and Gelsemium ederaceum indicum 

 — " Cette plante et le Jasserain d'Inde a fieur pourpree pourroient 

 faire un genre particulier, parce que leurs Heurs et leurs gi-aines sont 

 tout-a-fait semblables {CJematis Americana siliquosa teiraphyllos 

 Dodart, Mem. 71). This suggestion was carried out in 1694 by the 

 publication of the genus Bignonia Tourn, Breyne observed B. ca- 

 preolata in flower in 1679 in Beverningk's garden in Holland 

 {Clematis Americana uliginosa tetrapliyllos Breyn. Prodr. ed. 2, 20; 

 1789). Thus B. capreolata had become widely cultivated in France, 

 Italy and Holland fifteen years before the publication of Tournefort's 

 Elemens. 



