HOOK-NOTES, NEWS, ETC. 873 



pair of leaflets. 5. Confluent leaflets. 6. Twin-leaves and Triplets : 

 occurring in various forms — Nature of leaf -twinning — Cause of this 

 abnormalit}'-, probably hypertrophy — Signifleance of accessory and 

 twin-leaves. 7. Anisophylly, the foliage-leaf having a bud-scale as 

 its nodal companion. 8. Suppression of a leaf : examples shown of 

 complete or partial supj^ression of one leaf of a pair without disturb- 

 ance of the opposite-decussate phyllotaxy, which continues as though 

 the missing leaf were present. 



The twentj^-sixtli autumn fungus foray and annual meeting of 

 the British Mycological Society was held at Keswick, Sept. 15-21. 

 Various woods in the neighbourhood were worked and many inter- 

 esting fungi were found, though the quantity of material was not as 

 great as one would have anticipated, possibly owing to an early 

 " flush." Mr. F. T. Brooks gave as his Presidential Address " Some 

 Present Day Aspects of Mycology," in which he discussed the origin 

 and phylogeny of fungi, the view being upheld that the group is a 

 novel plant phylum taking its origin directly from protist organisms 

 and not from algae : the relation of mycology to plant pathology, 

 suggestions of closer co-operation between systematists and phytopatho- 

 logists being appealed for, and the training of mycologists and plant 

 pathologists — both, it was urged, must have botanical training and be 

 essentially botanists, and any tendency to divorce the subjects should 

 be resisted. It is gratif3ang to find one of the real leaders of m^co- 

 logy taking these broad views and moreover regarding s^^stematics as 

 an essential part of the landscape. Mr. Somerville Hastings described 

 the growth forms of Anellaria separata as met with in the Alps on 

 excrementa of the previous year ; Professor A. H. K. Buller detailed 

 his investigations on the N. American form of Panios st^/ptictfs, in 

 which both the mycelium and fruit body are luminous, the light 

 being emitted in presence of oxygen even just below the freezing 

 point of water ; Miss E. M. Wakeiield gave a brief description of the 

 West Indian Fungus Flora and a general account of the effect of 

 climate on the distribution of fungi ; Dr. J. C. Walker, of the Bureau 

 of Plant Industr}^, U.S.A., gave a short address on the ecology of 

 fungal diseases in the States, pointing out the effect of climatio 

 factors on the distribution of Fhoma Lingam and TJrocystis Ce^mlcei 

 Mr. Carleton Pea — probably our most confirmed mycophagist — gave 

 an amusing account of edible fungi and related his experiences with 

 about a hundred of them ; Professor M. C. Potter described some 

 preliminary experiments which indicate that, if the soil is sufiiciently 

 alkaline, wart disease does not develop in the potato. Professor O. V. 

 Darbishire was elected President for the 3^ear 1922 and Messrs. F. T. 

 Brooks and W. N. Cheeseman Vice-Presidents. — J. P. 



About one-fifth of the handsome volume on Mazes and Lahyrintlis 

 — *' a General Account of their History and Development " — by 

 Mr. W. H. Matthews (Longmans, 18s. n.) is devoted to " The Floral 

 Labyrinth and the Dwarf Shrub Maze " and "the Topiary Labyrinth^ 

 or Hedge Maze," which are illustrated by nearly fifty figures from 

 various sources. The former, in the construction of which dwarf box 

 and sweet herbs were largely employed, was sometimes very elaborate, 

 as the figures from De Vriese (1583) sulHciently indicate : of the 

 latter, made of trees and shrubs, the maze at Hampton Court is a 



