BRITISH BOTANY IN THE NINETEENTH CENTURY 135 



which had been adopted in France, and to the more minute and 

 accurate examination of plants which was caused by the employment 

 of tbat philosophical arrangement." As to the plan of Manual, he 

 says: *' Synonyms have been almost wholly omitted, but at least 

 one British and one German figure of each plant is quoted in all 

 cases in which it could be done with accuracy. Localities are only 

 given for new or peculiarly rare plants, the existence of so complete 

 a work as Mr. Watson's New Botanist's Guide having made it un- 

 necessary inconveniently to swell the present volume by their intro- 

 duction." He acknowledges his obligations " to his friends Professor 

 Balfour, of Glasgow, and D. Moore, Esq., of the Glasnevin Botanical 

 Garden at Dublin, for complete Catalogues of the Floras of Scotland 

 and Ireland respectively," and to W. Borrer, Prof. Henslow, E. 

 Forster, the Rev. W. A. Leighton, and others. It will be seen that 

 a guide to the British Flora was here promised far superior to any- 

 thing hitherto published in England, and the promise was amply 

 fulfilled. Babington had already commenced the careful study of 

 Eubi, and the Manual contained descriptions of twenty-four species 

 and numerous varieties. This Manual was a great success, and 

 went through many editions, all carefully brought up to date by the 

 author ; the second appeared in 1847, the third in 1851, the fourth 

 in 1856, and the 8th and last in 1881. The book is too well known 

 to require further description. 



The well-known London Catalogue of British Plants, published by 

 the Botanical Society of London, already mentioned, first appeared 

 in 1844, and has now gone through nine editions. The total 

 number of species contained in the first was fourteen hundred 

 and twenty-eight, of which thirteen hundred and seventy-one are 

 phanerogams. The nomenclature adopted was that of Hooker's 

 British Flora, which had then gone through five editions in less than 

 a dozen years. The Rev. J. E. Leefe was then the chief authority 

 in the genus Sallv, and Mr. Edwin Lees was consulted as to Kubi. 



In 1845 the British freshwater Algae were described and illus- 

 trated in two handsome volumes by A. H. Hassall, and in the next 

 year Babington published his Synopsis of the British Ruhi. Also in 

 this year Harvey's Plnjcolixjia Britannica appeared, forming an im- 

 portant addition to our knowledge of marine Alg^. It is illustrated 

 by 300 fine coloured plates, and describes 388 species. Henfrey's 

 Outlines of Structural and Physiological Botany (1847) was a very 

 useful work, by a master of his subject. In this year also Hewett 

 Cottrell Watson commenced the publication of his valuable Cybele 

 Britaymica, an elaborate work showing the distribution of each of 

 our native flowering plants through eighteen provinces, afterwards 

 subdivided into one hundred and twelve vice-counties. Each species 

 is also classified as a native, colonist, denizen, or alien ; and, again, 

 as British, English, Atlantic, Germanic, Scotch, or Highland. A 

 second volume of the Cybele appeared in 1849, a third in 1852, 

 and a fourth in 1859. Mrs. Hussey's Illustrations of British Myco- 

 logy, also published in 1847, was an interesting addition to the 

 library of the cryptogamic botanist. About this time we first 

 hear of the American wat^v-weed Klodm in England, the second 



