BKITISH HUTANV IN THE NINETEENTH CENTCKY 1H9 



accurate illustrations of every species. This is now near its com- 

 pletion and, for those to whom its expense is a barrier, an excellent 

 Manual on the same subject was published in 1896 by Messrs 

 H. N Dixon and H. G. Jameson. From these works it appears 

 that the number of species known as British has quite doubled 

 durmg the century. Valuable works on British Fungi have during 

 recent years been produced by Mr. M. C. Cooke, adding a very large 

 number of species to the British list. In 1892 a Supplement to 

 the third (byme s) edition of Emjllsk Botany was commenced, and 

 IS still m progress. The Irish Flora has also received much atten- 

 tion, and Its distribution has been worked out in the before-mentioned 

 Cybele of Messrs. D. Moore and A. G. More (ed. 1, 1866 ; ed. 2, 1899), 

 and lu several local Floras. But perhaps some of the best work of 

 the last fifty years has been done by experts on certain critical 

 genera especially the elucidation of the Pondweeds by Messrs. 

 Artliur Bennett and Alfred Fryer; the Roses and Rubi by Professor 

 Babmgton, Kev. W. M. Rogers, and others ; the Hawkweeds by 

 Messrs. Hanbury, Linton, and Marshall ; and the Charace<c by 

 Messrs. H. & J. Groves. ^ 



fr.r^l'!-^''^*^''/^'^ ""^ ^h ^^"^^'^ '^^' '^'^^'^^^^^ ^y ^^^ appearance of 

 translations of some of the best German works on Botany, including 

 h^Qh^ lext-b.Hjk, first translated by Messrs. Bennett and Dyer (1875)" 

 and later by Professor Vines. On a former page reference has been 

 made to the three County Floras produced m the eighteenth century. 

 ihe ast century, especially the latter half of it, has been productive 

 ot a large addition to these, so that now but few counties are without 

 a riora. One of the earliest was Baines's Flora of Yorkshire (1840) 

 tollowed next year by an excellent one for Shropshire by the Rev. 

 W. A. Leighton, excellent at least for its careful and complete 

 descriptions of species ; the localities enumerated are but fewf A 

 i<iora 0/ Hens appeared in 1849, and that of Wilts was commenced 

 by the late Thomas Bruges Flower in 1857 (a more complete one 

 ol fl\ ■^''''•°" .^^'"§^ published in 1888). These were the 



chiel Floras appearing in the first half of the century. During the 

 latter halt the following counties have been treated in like mamier. 

 I mention them m order of date :-Cambs, Essex, Surrey, Norfolk, 



Herts'" SHftMl'Ti ' ^Tr^'^T' Middlesex, Dorset, Hants, Oxon 

 Herts, Suftok, Derby, Warwick, Somerset, Berks, Kent, Cheshire 

 and Cumberland ; also some Scotch and Irish Floras have appeared 

 and one lor Carnarvonshire and Anglesea. The early Floras were 



wXtW 'f\fl7 ^^'"'IVJ'l^ ^ "^^'^'^^ improvement commenced 

 with that of Middlesex (1869), in which the county was divided into 

 districts according to the river drainage, and all old records were 

 carelully looked up. 



Another important matter dealt with during the last twenty 

 years ol the century is nomenclature, and our British list has sufiered 

 many changes from an endeavour to adhere strictly to the '' law of 

 priority. ' I have already mentioned the chief new plants which 

 were figured and described in Enfjlish Botany (1790-1814). Since 

 that date the most interesting additions to the British flora during 

 the century were the following :—Elatme Hydropiper, Hype^ 



?riciun 

 L 2 



