SOMK BRITISH VIOLETS 223 



Var. HAMULATA Baker, North Yorkshire, p. 207 ; Report Bot. Exch. 

 Club, 1865, p. 7. The type of this plant was unfortunately destroyed 

 by fire in 1864. It is said to bear the same relation to V. lutea that 

 F. arvensis bears to V. tricolor ; and is thus described in the Report 

 cited : — 



" Rootstock thread-like, perennial, wide-creeping. Stems diffuse, 

 much branched at the base, slender, quadrangular, pubescent below, 

 but the pedicels naked. Lower leaves on naked channeled stalks, 

 about I in. long, roundish, with ciliated crenations about as broad 

 as deep, upper ovate, bluntish or even lanceolate, acute, with cre- 

 nations two to three times as broad as deep. Stipules with the 

 terminal lobe much larger than the others, leafy and toothed, the 

 lobes all ciliated, the lateral ones two or three on each side, usually 

 one only on the other, linear or subspathulate, entire, erecto-patent 

 or sometimes curved like a sickle. Bracts three-quarters of the 

 distance up the pedicel, minute, ovate acute, about the same width 

 as the stalk. Sepals | in. long, lanceolate acuminate, slightly 

 ciHated, the upper pair smaller, equalling the petals. Expanded 

 corolla t in. deep by ^ in. across, petals all yellow, upper pair pale, 

 obovate, 2 lines across, lateral pair smaller, deeper-coloured, with 

 each a tuft of hairs at the throat, the lowest 4 lines, not marked 

 with any lines or marked at the throat with three to five faint ones. 

 Spur slender, curved upwards, barely one and a half times as long 

 as the subquadrate bluntly toothed calycine appendages. Anther- 

 spur linear-filiform, curved upwards, six to eight times as long as 

 broad. The typical V. lutea has the terminal lobe of the stipules 

 entire and less leaf-like, the lower petal when the plant is fairly 

 developed ^ in., the lateral pair ^-f in., and the upper pair ^ in. 

 across, so that the fully expanded corolla measures about 1 in. each 

 way, and the spur keeled and thickened at the end, about twice as 

 long as the deeply toothed calycine appendages." 



Found on Richmond Racecourse, North Yorkshire ; and, with 

 Thlaspi occitanum, at the lead-mines on Copperthwaite Moor, near 

 Reeth. 



Other plants of this group not found in Britain, but found 

 in France or Belgium, are — Viola sudetica Willd. (the type), 

 F. calaminaria Lejeune, and V. chrysmitha Schrader. 



F. sudetica Willd. was quoted in English Botany as being 

 synonymous with F. lutea Huds. Koch (in Synopsis, ed. ii. p. 95) 

 descrilDes a F. hitea Huds. var. sudetica, founded on F. sudetica 

 Willd., and states that it differs from the type by being taller, 

 having larger flowers, and petals often repand-crenate. 



F. calaminaria Lejeune is a Belgian plant with yellow or 

 yellowish, not very large flowers (2-2^ cm. long), and considered 

 by some botanists as uniting F. lutea and F. tricolor. 



V. chrysantha Schrader in Reichb. Fl. Germ. Excurs. ii. (1832), 

 p. 709 ; Reichb. Ic. Fl. Germ. tab. 4516, is also believed by some 

 botanists to be intermediate between F. lutea Huds. and F. tricolor 

 L. (sensu stricto), but the plant as figured by Reichenbach has a 

 longer spur than either of these species. 



