-52 Journal of Applied Microscopy. 



The membrane of the Characeae usually shows no cellulose reaction with 

 chlor-iodide of zinc or iodine and sulphuric acid. 



Some of the figures appear stiff and diagrammatic, but on the whole they are 

 easily understood. c. j. c. 



c* c , ^, fl- r 1 This article tends in a direction which, 



Mevens, r. L. 1 he effects of aqueous solu- . . 



tions upon the germination of fungus spores. if pursued, will put the whole matter of 

 Bot. Gaz. 26: 377-406, 1898. fungicides upon a firmer basis. 



Exact determinations were made for a number of acids and salts of the con- 

 centration needed, to prevent germination in a number of species of fungi. All 

 solutions used were based on the normal strength, i, e., one gram molecule per 

 liter of water ; and cognizance was taken of the more recent theories regarding 

 the ionization of the molecule. In general this theory received corroborative 

 evidence from this work ; for example, all copper salts were equally poisonous 

 t)er molecule. Potassium cyanide was very slightly poisonous to the spores, not- 

 withstanding its great poisonous action upon animals. 



Since at the extreme dilutions used, ionization was complete, the effects and 

 the ions themselves may be deduced. Thus, mercury, copper, hydrogen, and 

 hydroxid ions are among the most poisonous, mercury leading all these in its 

 poisonous activities. The ions of chlorin, iodin, sodium, potassium, etc., are 

 non-toxic. 



From the evidence deduced, the Bordeaux mixture contains much more cop- 

 per than is needed. Spores of different species and different spores of a given 

 species do not present the same resistance. Uromyces, for example, is much 

 more resistant than Macrosporium. 



In general, the substances showed an apparent agreement between the toxic 

 power and the atomic weight. Otis W. Caldwell. 



.„..£, , ,. .u 1 It was the purpose of this work to inves- 



Lawson. A. A. borne observations on the de- ^ '^ ^ 



velopment of the karyokinetic spindle in the tigate the earliest Stages in the devel- 

 pollen-mother-cells of Cobea scandens Proc. op^ent of the kinoplasmic fibers of the 

 Cal. Acad. Sci. III. 1: 169-184. pi. 33-36, 1898. ^ _ _ ^ 



multipolar spindle. 



Flemming's mixture, chromic-osmic-acetic strong solution was used for fixing, 

 and the safranin-gentian violet-orange combination was used for staining. Other 

 fixing agents and stains were used, but did not give as good results. Bergamot 

 oil was used to precede the infiltration with paraffin. 



The cytoplasm of the resting pollen-mother-cell presents a clear, uniform 

 appearance, but as division approaches, a zone of granular substance accumu- 

 lates about the nucleus. This zone is so constant that the writer proposes to 

 designate it by a new name, perikaryoplasm. The perikaryoplasm was observed 

 in living cells, and so could not be regarded as an artefact. When the nuclear 

 wall breaks down, the perikaryoplasm and the linins of the nucleus form a net- 

 work of kinoplasmic fibers which grow out into several projections. These pro- 

 jections become the cones of the multipolar spindle. Spindle fibers are formed 

 by the elongation of the meshes of the network. The cones elongate, become 

 sharp pointed, and then fuse in two groups to form the bipolar spindle. The 

 mature spindle is characterized by the great length and crossing of the mantle 



