344 Journal of Applied Microscopy. 



favors the conclusion that these are the secondary chromosomes of the previous 

 division -which ha\-e not h^st their individuahty. No lon<jitudinal division takes 

 place at this time, but the second division seems to consist essentially in the 

 separation of the two parts of the V-shaped secondary chromosome. Thus the 

 two divisions merely distribute the four parts of the cjuadruple chromosome 

 (tetrad) which were already dertned in the prophase of tlie first division. It is 

 evident that there is no qualitative reduction. 



This description agrees with Farmer's account of Pallaviciiiia^ Brauer's of 

 Ascaris, and Meves' of Salamaiulra. Guignard believes that the facts observed 

 agree with Belajeff's account of Iris, although that writer has given a different 

 explanation of the origin of chromosomes in the pollen mother cell. It seems 

 strange that no mention is made of the work of Miss Sargant, who, two years ago, 

 both figured and described a second hssion of the chromatin granules in the 

 pollen mother cells of Lilium Afarfago/i, and called attention to the quadruple 

 nature of the primary chromosome. c. j. c. 



In Allium fistiilositm Ishikawa found 

 Mottier, D. M. Ueber die Chroniosomenzahl , , . . , , ^ i 



bei der Ent\vickelung der Pollenkoiner von the reduction m the number of chromo- 

 Allium. Ber. d. deutsch. bot. Gesell. IS: somes taking .place in the sporogenous 



cells some time before the formation of 

 pollen mother cells. The karyokinetic figure concerned in the reduction was 

 heterotypic. Ishikawa also found a transverse splitting of the chromosomes at 

 the second division of the pollen mother cells. Dr. Mottier finds that the 

 reduction in the number of chromosomes takes place in the pollen mother cell, 

 that the karyokinetic figure concerned is heterotype, and that in the second 

 division there is a longitudinal splitting of the chromosomes. If Ishikawa's 

 results are correct they are certainly very exceptional. c. j. c. 



In the earlier work by Berthold upon 

 Berthold, Q. Die geschkchtliche Fortpflan- ^j^^ Ectocarpacece, made familiar to us 

 zung der eigenthchen Phaeosporeen. Mitt- ^ _ 



heil. d. Zool. Stat. Neapel. 2: 401-413, pi. by the reproduction of his figures in 



'^' ' '■ the text -books, a female gamete of 

 Oltmanns, F. Ueber Scheincopulationen bei „ •,- 7 • 1 



Ectocarpeen und anderen Algen. Flora. 83 : Edocarpiis siliatlosus is represented as 



398-414, pi. 7, 1897. attached to several male gametes, with 



Berthold G Bemerkungen zu der vorstehen- ^^^j^j.^i^ j^ j^ ^^^j^j ^^ f^^gg_ ^j^jg process 



den Al)handlung von Fr. Ultmanns Ueber _ _ ^ 



.Scheincopulationen bei Ectocarpeen und is often cited as illustrating a very 



anderen Algen. Flora. 83: 415-425, ■897- primitive condition in the evolution k 

 Oltmanns, F. Ueber Se.xualitiit der Ectocar- ,. ,,, „, 



peen. Flora. 86: 86-99, 1S99. sexuality. 1 wo years ago Oltmanns 



called the accuracy of Berthold's obser- 

 vation in question. According to his own work upon K. frinigcr, Oltmanns says 

 Berthold saw, not fusing gametes, but infu.soria, which captured and ate the 

 Ectocarpus swarm-spores. Berthold immediately replied, defending his former 

 position, and insisted that his preparations, which he had loaned to Oltmanns, 

 were not susceptible of any interpretation other than the one he had already 

 given. Recent work by Oltmanns has led him to abandon his former belief and 

 to announce his complete concurrence with the views of Berthold. This later 

 work is upon Ectocarpus silicu/osiis, which was studied also by Berthold. He 



