Journal of Applied Microscopy. 347 



The tirst point considered was the relation of the nucleus to ciliary motion ; 

 in every isolation preparation many denucleated pieces were present, which 

 showed most complete and natural ciliary motion. From this and other evidence 

 the author concludes that ciliary motion is entirely independent of the nucleus ; 

 in this opinion he is supported by Verworn's studies on the Protozoa. The 

 second question, of the dependence of the ciliary motion on the protoplasm, was 

 determined by studies on denucleated pieces of the cells. Pieces showing 

 vigorous ciliary motion undergo changes ; the protoplasm still remaining shrinks 

 together to form a more spherical mass, and in so doing draws away from the 

 free ends of the cilia, leaving more exposed the so-called ciliary '■ roots," 

 their continuations into the cell substance. During this process no change 

 occurs in the nature of the ciliary movement; it continues as before. Even 

 stronger evidence comes from finding these ciliary " organs " freely isolated, 

 showing no trace of protoplasm around them, but still possessing movement in 

 some of the cilia. 



Having reduced the seat of action to the ciliary '• organ " itself, the author 

 brings evidence to prove that the center of force lies not in the cilia themselves, 

 as broken from the roots, they do not move. If the roots are broken away the 

 cilia still move as usual, so that the dynamic center is finally placed in the 

 "basal body " of the cilia, which lies just within the cell limits in a normal con- 

 dition. His carefully worked out study gives strong evidence for the idea of the 

 basal bodies being the dynamic centers for cihary motion ; moreover these bodies 

 are most likely truly related to the centrosome in structure. a. m. c. 



^ „ ^ „ , , T^- A ■ • * u ,. The authors are considering the best 



Eriich, P., u. Lazarus, A. Die Anamie Abth. , . . 



normale und pathologische Histologie des method of fixing and dltferentiatuig the 



Blutes ; ueber die Darstellung und Bedeu- j^^^^^, j^jj-^^g ^f granules found in normal 

 tung der Zellgranula. Spec. Pathol, und ' ° 



Therapie von Nohuagel. 8: p. 1-13. 1898. blood corpuscles. The method of dry- 



Abst. in Zeit. f. wiss. Mikros. IS: 3. -^g ^^ ^.j^g cover-glass and staining 



with the tri-acid stain gives uniformly good results. Eriich had earlier concluded 

 that different blood cells contained granules of different chemical natures, not by 

 stains, but by their reaction to fixers. The value of the drying method lies in 

 the unaltered chemical condition of the cells, heat acting as an instantaneous 

 fixer. Another quick method to preserve the granules is by "vital staining"; 

 stains acting during the life of the cell. Eriich first used methylen blue for this 

 purpose, and later neutral red. This last stain possesses a great affinity for many 

 of the granules, and can be used on the higher animals by subcutaneous or 

 intravenous injection. In tadpoles or other aquatic animals, it is enough to put 

 the animals in a very weak solution of this stain (1 : 50,000 or 1 : 100,000), or 

 leaving small pieces of tissue in normal salt with a trace of neutral red until the 

 object is slightly reddened. Beautiful results are obtained, in which the proto- 

 plasm and nucleus are uncolored, only the granules being affected. Artefacts 

 are not entirely excluded by this method, but the experienced worker can readily 

 detect them. By combining neutral red and methylen blue, Eriich found that 

 almost all the granules took the red stain, those of the plain muscle from the 

 alimentary tract alone showing intensely blue color. A third stain gave further 



