Journal of Applied Microscopy. 451 



Phillips, 0. P., Ph. M. Immunity and the Ra- He reviews three methods of vaccina- 



tionale of Vaccination. Given before the tion : by introducing living virus, by 



Los Angeles County Med. Soc. and the S. . ^ , . ^ -i , • r i • 



Cal. Acad. Sc, Bioi: Sect. Feb., 1899. nitroducmg a sterile toxine formed in 



an artificial medium, by introducing an 

 anti-toxine formed in some other animal. Attention is called to the danger of 

 allowing the indiscriminate sale of anti-toxines, and the necessity of providing by 

 law for their inspection, and for their return to the manufacturer when they have 

 deteriorated through the action of heat, light, etc. The table gives the results of 

 an examination, made in the laboratories of the University of Pennsylvania, of 

 diphtheretic anti-toxines bought in the open market. 



SERUM NUMBER. , UNITS CLAIMED. UNITS FOUND. 



3 500 345. 



5 1000 647.5 



6 1000 1380. 

 9 1000 177.5 



11 1000 Less than 72. 



15 1500 " " 410. 



19 1000 . 1860. 



E. M. Brace. 



NORMAL AND PATHOLOGICAL HISTOLOGY. 



Richard M. Pearce, M. D. 



Pathological Laboratory, Boston City Hospital, Boston, Mass., to whom all books and papers 

 on these subjects should be sent for review. 



CURRENT LITERATURE. 



Nichols, J. L A Study of the Spinal Cord by The changes in the motor cells of the 

 Nissl's Method, in Typhoid Fever, and in ventral horn and the nerve cells of the 

 Experimental Infection with the Typhoid , . . ,. . t i • 



Bacillus. Jour. E.xper. Med., March, 1899. Po^terior root ganglia were studied in 



three cases of typhoid fever in man, 

 and in seven cases of experimental typhoid infection in rabbits. • All the cases 

 in man were severe infections. One died on the tenth, one on the eleventh day, 

 and the third after an illness of two months. The typhoid bacillus was obtained 

 in cultures from the organs in all cases. In two cases the autopsy was made 

 six hours after death, and in the third fourteen hours. The changes were most 

 marked in the ventral horn of the lumbar region. Both cells and dendrites were 

 increased in size. The chromatic substance (Nissl's granules) were broken up 

 and partially or completely dissolved. This process started near the nucleus 

 and advanced toward the periphery of the cell. In some cases where this chro- 

 matolysis was most marked the nucleus had migrated to the opposite side of the 

 cell. In these cells the slightly enlarged dendrites were almost free from chro- 

 matic substance. Changes in the achromatic substance were slight. 



The changes were most marked in the case of two months duration (as the 

 lung of this case showed pulmonary gangrene, it is reasonable to suppose that 

 the changes in the cord were not entirely due to typhoid fever). 



