576 Journal of Applied Microscopy. 



In a case of acute leukaemia the same epithelioid cells, thickly crowded and 

 often arranged in strands and bands, were found. 



In order to determine whether any relation exists between these changes and 

 acute blood diseases, seventy other glands were examined without finding similar 

 transformations. Negative results were also obtained in cases of chronic 

 luekaemia and pernicious anaemia. A. m. 



NEUROLOGICAL LITERATURE. 



Edith M. Brace. 



Literature for Review should be sent to Edith M. Brace, Biological Laboratory, 



University of Rochester, Rochester, N. Y. 



Larionow. Dr. W. Ueber die musikalischen This is a study in localization of function 

 Centren des Gehirns. Archiv f. Physiol, contributed from the clinic of neuro-psy- 

 76: 608-625, 2 text figs., 1899. ^^-^^^^ ^f p^^f ^ Bechteren, in St. 



Petersburg. Trained dogs were used for the experiments. Portions were 

 removed from the cortex of the temporal lobe and the hearing of the dogs was 

 tested with sounds of different pitch and timbre. Perception of any sound 

 would be indicated by turning the head or the eyes, motion of the ear, 

 etc. The results show that there is a center for the perception of a tone scale 

 corresponding to the tone scale of the cochlea. Extirpation of the second con- 

 volution of the temporal lobe destroyed the perception of tones between A^ and 

 e, of the third convolution, tones from e to c^, and of the posterior half of the 

 fourth convolution (gyrus angularis), tones above c"^. Removal of the entire 

 cortex of the temporal lobe diminished the hearing for the opposite, and 

 produced a slight effect on the corresponding, side, showing that most of the 

 auditory libers cross to the opposite ear. This was also shown in microscopical 

 preparations made by Marchi's method. Hearing was not affected in control 

 specimens having the frontal and parietal lobes destroyed. 



Comparing the dog's brain with the human brain, the posterior third of the 

 second convolution would correspond to the second convolution of the temporal 

 lobe, the posterior third of the third convolution to the first convolution in man, 

 and the posterior half of the fourth convolution to the posterior transverse convo- 

 lution of the Island, in man. The part corresponding to the fourth convolution 

 of the dog is concealed in man by the great development of the frontal and 

 temporo-parietal gyri (anterior and posterior association centers of Flechsig), 

 and forms the Island of Reil. 



The word center of the dog is in an embryonic condition. It lies in the 

 middle third of the third left gyrus, corresponding to the first gyrus of the tem- 

 poral lobe in man. 



Microscopical examination of sections prepared after Marchi's method 

 showed the ending of the auditory tracts in the tone centers. Larionow agrees 

 with Flechsig that the auditory tracts are double in the hemispheres. 



Further observations for the human brain locate the center for note-reading 



