Palconlology of the Cincinnati (.'roup. 89 



a foreign body as a nucleus ; spreading out into extended 

 expansions, covered inferiorly by a thin, striated, calcareous 

 epitheca, or else growing in thin layers parasitically upon for- 

 eign objects. (Goldfuss, Petrefac. Germ., 1826, p. 22; Nich. 

 & Murie, Jour. Linn. Soc. Lond., Zool., vol. 14, 1.S77, p. 217). 

 Ri-niarks. — First defined by Goldfuss in icS26, the above 

 description is taken from Nicholson and Murie's Monograph 

 of the Stromatoporoidea. Although it has been stated by one 

 author that the genus does not occur in Lower Silurian rocks, 

 there are certainly some species that with the present defini- 

 tion can be referred here with justice. The forms given 

 below have been found in the Cincinnati Group. 



I\rv to Species. 



a. Free; hollow, tubular or cylindrical. 



1. tubularis; outer surface without monticules. 



2. subcylindrica ; outer surface with prominent monticules. 



/;. Parasitic, incrusting shells, corals and other sub- 

 stances. 



3. lichenoides ; surface rugose ; occasional large canals. 



4. scabra ; surface with prominent monticules. 



5. papillata ; surface granular, papillae closely set. 



6. ludlowensis ; both free and parasitic ; surface rough 

 and with both minute pores and large oscula. 



c. Massive. 



7. hindei ; surface with low, obscure monticules. 



8. indianiensis ; monticules v^ery numerous and prominent. 



I. — vS. TUBUi.ARis, IT. P. James, 18S4. 



Cylindrical or tubular, hollow, 2 to 2>4 inches in diameter 

 and I inch or more long; laminae about oV i^ch thick, irregu- 

 lar, wavy, with .serrate edges ; interspaces thin ; oscula at 

 irregular intervals ; central cavity of tube filled with broken 

 shells, corals, or masses of clay, or sometimes entirely 

 empty. (Jour. Cin. Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 7, 1884, p. 139.) 



Locality. — Cincinnati, Morrow and Lebanon, Ohio. 



Remarks. — A curious and well-marked species, showing in 

 weathered specimens the characteristic laminae. Some speci- 



