174 



THE JOURNAL OF BOTANY 



conjunction with a diminished quantity of Marram grass these 

 plants dominate the rest of the ground. This slopes rapidly 

 upwards, and soon becomes ordinary heathland, characterized 

 here by the occurrence of Ulex and Calluna. The Ulex is the 

 last plant to enter the dune formation, and only appears at about 

 the point wliere the Man-am disappears. In the list of plants of 

 this association given below, those only are tabulated which occur 

 on what may be termed the dune-heath, viz. that portion in which 

 the ericetal species are accompanied by Ammophila arenaria. 

 Where the Marram disappears and furze becomes a common 

 associate of the heather, which occurs as the sand thins out over 

 the boulder clay, the flora belongs to a different formation. Time 

 did not allow of a careful examination of this heathy tract, which 

 has no equivalent on the Lancashire coast, where the sand-hills 

 gradually merge into dune-pasture and cultivated ground. 



The following species, all noted within the range of the 

 Marram grass, belong to this association : — 

 Calluna vulgaris, dominant. Senecio Jacohcea L. 



Pteris aquilma, ,, S. sylvaticus L. 



Ammophila arenaria, „ Arctium {mimis Bernh.?). 



Bosa spinosissima, siihdoimna,nt. Centaurea nigra L. 



Erica cinerea, 

 Rammculus hulbosus L. 

 Erophila verna E. Meyer. 

 Viola ericetorum Schrad. 

 Polygala oxyptera Keichb. 

 P. serpyllacea Weihe. 

 Cerastiiim viscosum L. 

 C. vulgatum L. 

 Geranium molle L. 

 Ononis repens L. 

 Meclicago lupulina L. 

 TrifoUum repens L. 

 Lotus corniculatus L. 

 Vicia angustifolia L. 

 Conopodium denudatum Koch. 

 Anthriscus vulgaris Bernh. 

 Bellis perennis L. 



Leontodon autumnalis L. 

 Campanula rotundifolia L. 

 Lycopsis arvensis L. 

 Veronica officinalis L. 

 Euphrasia curta Wettst. 

 Thymus Serpyllum L. 

 Plantago lanceolata L. 

 Bumex crispus L. 

 B. Acetosella L. 

 Luzula mnltiflora DC. 

 Anthoxantlmm odoratam L. 

 Aira caryophyllea L. 

 A. prcecox L. 

 Cynosurus cristatus L, 

 Dactylis glomerata L, 

 Lolium perenne L. 

 Festuca ovina L. 



Bryophyta. 



Polytrichum pmiperimim 



Willd. 

 Campylopus fragilis B. & S. 

 Dicranum scoparium Hedw. 

 D. scoparium var. orthophyllum 



Brid. 

 Ceratodon purpureus Brid. 

 Tortula mralis Ehrh. 

 Ftimaria hygrometrica Sibth. 

 Webera niitans Hedw. 

 Bryum inclinatiim Bland. 



de- 



Climacium dendroides var. 



pauperatum Boul. 

 Brachythecium purum Dixon. 

 Hypnum Schreberi Willd. 

 H. cupressiforme L. 

 H. ciqjressiforme var. ericetoriim 



B. & S. 

 Hylocomium squarrosum B. & S. 

 H. triquetrum B. & S. 

 Ptilidium ciliare Hampe. 

 Frullania Tamarisci Dum. 



