Xll A FLORA OF GIBRALTAR AND THE NEIGHBOURHOOD 



many interesting species at about the same time, but I have seen 

 no separate publication of their discoveries. 



Dautez, between 1872 and 1880, did an immense amount of 

 good work chiefly in the San Eoque district. His plants, many 

 of which have been found by no other botanist, were detei'mined 

 by Debeaux. 



Of other collectors not previously named, mention may be 

 made of Gutierrez, La Gasea, Alioth, de Noe, Kusisnky, and 

 Porta and Rigo, the two last-named finding some half-dozen North 

 African species not hitherto found in Europe. 



Literature. 



Three works have been devoted to the botany of Gibraltar and 

 its neighbourhood, and one to that of the whole province of Cadiz. 



The Flora Calpensis, by Dr. E. G. Kelaart, M.D. (1818 ?-1860), 

 of the Army Medical Staff", published in 1816, was for many years 

 the only book on the subject. He enumerates 512 species for the 

 Eock ; this number includes about a dozen species mentioned in 

 the notes in parts II. and III., which have been confirmed by other 

 authorities. Several other species so mentioned have not been 

 included. He also enumerates 229 additional species for the 

 neighbourhood, i. e. within twenty miles of Gibraltar. His 

 Gibraltar list must, however, be largely discounted by the exclu- 

 sion of many cultivated species, obvious errors or at least very 

 doubtful records, and naturalized aliens, as well as of plants 

 recorded as species but now reduced to varieties. His nomencla- 

 ture is sometimes difficult to follow, and there is usually much 

 doubt as to which species were found by him on the North Front, 

 and which on the Neutral Ground, which I have treated as a 

 separate district, and which is really a part of Spain rather than 

 of Gibraltar. Kelaart uses the name Neutral Ground to cover 

 both areas, and though, doubtless, many of the species now found 

 only on the real Neutral Ground were in his day also found on the 

 North Front, there is no certainty ; hence some of my exclusions 

 from the restricted Flora of Gibraltar or Rock (District I.) may 

 appear arbitrary. The exclusions from Kelaart's list under these 

 various headings are : — 



Cultivated or casual species, and those now 



reduced to varieties ..... 53 

 Naturalized aliens ..... 9 



Probable errors (some excluded, some only 



marked with doubt in this Flora) . . 42 

 Confined to Neutral Ground . . . .12 

 Leaving 396 species native on the Rock, having the same status 

 as those admitted into the present Floi'a. 



In my citations from Kelaart's book I have made use of the 

 details given in Part II. of tlie work, which amplify or modify 

 those given in Part III. 



After an interval of forty years, Don J. M. Perez Lara began 

 in 1886 the publication of his Florida Gaditana — the whole 



