A FLORA OF GIBRALTAR AND THE NEIGHBOURHOOD XVll 



Enjiujium marltiviuvi, Diotis maritiina, Pancratium marittmiaii, 

 and a few grasses. 



The flora on the west and part of the east side is rich and 

 varied, a number of species being found which, though fairly 

 frequent in Spain, do not grow in the Sand Desert, and in some 

 cases are rare soutli of San Roque. Besides several short visits I 

 devoted two days to making as complete a list as possible of all 

 the species seen. The number, including old records, amounts to 

 231, including five naturalized aliens, Init without reckoning 

 doubtful species or records, and there is no doubt that this can be 

 increased. For example, several which occur either on the North 

 Front or the Neutral Ground have been reckoned in neither. 

 Twelve species and varieties are confined in our region to this 

 district, viz. Eeseda propinqua, Erodium laciniatum v. involucra- 

 t/im, Ononis Touvnefortii, 0. variegata v. erioclada, Medicago 

 littoralis v. inermis, Anthyllis Vulneraria (type), Centaurea 

 sonchifolia, Veronica anagcUloides, Euphorbia terracina v. latifolia 

 and V. retiisa, Juncus pygmceus, Paspalum Digitaria, but of these 

 all but the Medicago and the two last are in need of modern 

 confirmation. No fewer than sixty-five species and several 

 varieties do not occur in District I., though many occur in Spain. 

 The commoner species are : — Bantincidics trilohus, B. muricatus, 

 Diplotaxis siifolia, Ononis variegata (var. erioclada is endemic), 

 Medicago littoralis, Trifolium resupinatum, Lotus arenarius, 

 Paronychia argentea, Hip)pomarathrunipterochlcenuvi, Bellis annua, 

 Peridercea fuscata, Xanthium macrocarpimi, Echium plantag ineum, 

 Linaria pedunculata, Plantago Goronopus, Alisma ranunciUoides, 

 Bomulea ramijiora, Pancratium maritimum, Juncus acutus, 

 Polypogon monspeliensis, Vulpia Alopecurus. 



District III. Subdistrict i. San Roque. — Tins subdistrict, 

 which has an area of about thirty-one square miles, is of a 

 varied nature. The whole southern end, for a distance of a mile 

 or more, with a narrow belt along the coast, is of deep sand. 

 This is succeeded by the Carteian Hills, of a hard stony gravel, 

 with pockets of clay in many places, and with an undulating 

 surface. Towards the east the Queen of Spain's Chair (Sierra 

 Carbonera), of sandstone, rises to a height of 978 ft. The north- 

 western end merges into the Cork Woods, which are for the most 

 part sandy, with several marshes about the watercourses, some of 

 which are perennial. The north-eastern portion, from the edge 

 of the Cork Woods, is of an ericetal type running into the rugged 

 Alcadeza Crags and Sierra Lorca, which produce some interesting 

 and rare species. Around San Roque the country was, not many 

 years ago, in a more or less virgin state, but is now mostly culti- 

 vated, which has changed the nature of its flora, and has perhaps 

 extinguished a few species, but some of the more interesting ones 

 remain. The Guadarranque River is tidal and muddy for a short 

 distance from its mouth, otherwise there are no saline marshes. 



Though this sul)district has perhaps been more searched than 

 any part except the Algeciras Mountains, there is still much to be 

 done, the north-eastern slopes of the Chair, and especially the 



