Sept., i 9 o S ] Federley : Sound Produced by Larv.e. 109 



cut through the peninsula, and the salt water from the dredging opera- 

 tions filled three or four holes at the edge of the mangrove swamp on 

 the Biscay ne Bay side. In one of these holes several larvae were 

 found, which had just hatched from the influence of the water. The 

 species must pass the dry season in the egg state. 



Habits of Cui.ex trichurus Dyar. — As already shown, this 

 species has a northern distribution throughout North America. The 

 larvae are among the earliest appearing of the early Spring species. 

 They inhabit open grassy pools, swamps and woods pools, not in 

 large numbers, but rather generally distributed. In April, 1905 (a 

 backward season), we found all the largest larvae in several collections 

 at Chicopee, Mass., and Plattsburgh, N. Y., to be of this species. The 

 larvae descend easily to the bottom when disturbed where they wriggle 

 in the mud, so that deep dipping is required to collect them. They 

 soon seek the surface however. The larvae are light in color, rather 

 yellowish, and can be picked out from the other inhabitants of the 

 pools by this character and their size without a lens. 



Class I, Hexapoda. 



Order V, LEPIDOPTERA. 



SOUNDPRODUCED BY LEPIDOPTEROUS LARVAE. 



By Harry Federley, 

 Helsingfors, Finland. 



In No. 2, Yol. XII, of this Journal Professor Packard has published 

 some observations upon sound produced by caterpillars. On Profes- 

 sor Packard's request for information regarding this question the edi- 

 tor has appended some. As I have been occupied during the last few 

 years with the rearing of lepidopterous larvae and have also made some 

 observations regarding the production of sound by these creatures, I 

 beg to herewith communicate the same. 



The larva of the North American Saturnian moth Telea polyphemus 

 can, in the third and fourth stages, by rubbing the powerfully con- 

 structed mandibles against each other produce a tolerably loud, tap- 

 ping sound, which is audible at the distance of several meters. That 

 here is question of a means of intimidation is not to be doubted, for 



