Plumage above broAvner ; below whitish. 

 10a. Gyps rueppelli erJangeri, Salvad., Bol. Mus. 

 Torino, xxiii., No. 576 (1908). 

 Erlanger's Vulture. 



Head bare ; , ruff and upper parts dark broAvn 

 with fulvous central streaks ; rump white ; 

 below light brown with white streaks ; crop- 

 patch brown. 

 11. Gypjs indicus indicus (Scop.)(*), Del. Faun, ct 

 Flor. Insubr.. ii .. p. 85 (1786). 

 Indian Lonsf-billed Vultm-e. 



Above pale earthy brown ; below whity brown ; 

 crop-patch darkbroAvn ; ruff white (Hume). 

 11a. Gyps indicus pallescens Hume, Stray Feathers, 

 i., p. 150(1873). 

 Pallid Vulture 



Abyssinia, 

 Er^-thrcea, 

 Somaliland. 



India, Indo- 

 Chinese 

 countries, 

 Malay 

 Peninsula. 



N.W. India. 



Gen. IX. 

 Tail of 12 feathers. 



GYIMNOGYPS Less. (1831). 



Size large, length 30 in. ; above and crop- 

 patch black ; ruff Avhite. rather scanty ; rump 

 white ; below chocolate bro\^'n. 

 12. Gymnogiips bengalensis (Gmel.), S.N.. i., p. 245 

 (1788). ■ 

 Indian White-backed Vulture. 



Above and ci-op-patch dark brown ; below 

 pale browTi, with yellowish-white shaft lines. 

 13. Gymnogyps africanus africanus (Salvad.), 

 Nat. Stor. R. Accad. Torin., 7th May. 1865, 

 p. 133. 

 African WTiite-backed Vulture. 



Plumage more greyish. 

 13a. Gymnogyps africanus schillingsi Erlanger, Orn. 

 Mb., xi., p. 22 (1903). 



Paler. 

 13b. Gymnogyps africanus fuelleborni Erlanger {t.c.) 



India, Indo- 

 Chinese 

 countries, 

 Malay 

 Peninsula. 



N.E. Africa, 

 Khartoum to 

 Abyssinia & 

 Upper White 

 Nile. 



German 

 E. .Ifrica. 



Nyasaland 

 to Angola. 



* Reichenow's Gyps cinnamomeous from Alatau (Orn. Mb., 1907, 

 pp 30-31) appears to be another subspecies [doubtful] of G. fulvus. 



