14 Riclidid J. A. lieni/: 



nmterial havin;jf been sown in Au>tralii<., let Australians see to it 

 that they reap the harvest. 



Pending- ihe arrival oi this positive proof as to the rela/tion- 

 ship between the Papuan and the Tasmanian, we shall assume, 

 on the opinions of those whose works have been quoted, that 

 such it really the case, and now, therefore, we pass to the third 

 and biiSt question, how did the Papuan get to Tasmania ? 



If the foregoing view as to the identity of the Papuan and the 

 Tasmanian, using the terms " Papuan '' and " identity " in their 

 very broadest sense, be correct, it implies that representatives 

 of the same Papuan r.tock have become widely sepaa'ated, both 

 geographically and ethnologically ; geooTaphically by the separa- 

 tion of the islands of New Guinea and Tasmania from the Conti- 

 nent of Austrailia ; and ethnologically by the interpolation of a 

 distinct race, the Australian aboriginal. 



On this point, B(mwick asks the question (5) : — " Ho.v could 

 the woolly haired Papuans of Tasmania get so far >:ep;.irated from 

 the woolly haired Papuans of New Guinea, New Hebrides, etc., 

 whilst having their cousins of more luxuriant hair occupying 

 the Continent of Australia between the two!" He answers his 

 own question l>y assuming that " part^ of New Holland (Aus- 

 tralia) were united to New Guinea, to New Zealand, and to 

 Tasmania," and a little farther on Bonwick adds, "' The Aus- 

 tralians proper are now contined between the two great seats 

 of the so-called Paipuan race, and as there are no evidences of 

 their race dwelling in New Zealand, New Guinea, or in New 

 Caledonia, it is nmch to be doubted whether their advent in 

 their Australian home was not after the separation of those 

 islands. In the same way, it ma}- be thiut they came after Tas- 

 mania became disconnected." 



It is a somewhat remarkable fact tliat although that ]>art of 

 Bonwick's assumption relative to a, primitive land connection 

 between Australia and New Zealand is not capable of geological 

 proof, the land connection between New Guinea, Eastern Aus- 

 tralia, and Tasmania, may be regarded as c-ertain from the re- 

 searches of Wallace (11), Howitt (U), Spencer (22), and many 

 others. Since Bonwick's time, Wallace (11), working out the 

 problems attendant on the distribution of New Zealand flora, 

 has also endeavoured to show thait during the early cretiiceous 



