Bitter Pit in Aijples. 389 



One per 100,000,000. No perceptible effect. 



Morphine sulphate gaA^e exactly similar results to the above. 



With strychnine sulphate the following results were ob- 

 tained : — 



One per 1000. Pits J to 1 cm. diameter, and 2 to 5 mm. deep. 



One per 10,000. Pits | to 1 cm. diameter, and 2 to 4 mm. 

 deep. 



One per 100,00. Pits 2 to 5 mm. diameter, and 1 to 3 mm. 

 deep. 



One per 100,000. Pits 2 to 5 mm. diameter, and 1 to 3 mm. 

 deep. 



One per 10,000,000. No perceptible poisoning action. 



Similar results to those with strychnine sulphate were ob- 

 tained Avith atropine sulphate. 



If the apples are used, as these were, late in the season, it 

 is necessary that they should not be kept long after removal 

 from cool storage before testing. Otherwise the pulp cells have 

 so delicately balanced a vitality that imperceptible or " spon- 

 taneous " causes may upset the balance, and in such cases it is 

 difficult to obtain regularly consistent results obviously due to 

 the poison used. 



The following tests w^ere performed with Rome Beauties 

 freshly taken from cool storage, and after washing prepared as 

 usual for testing by the removal of square millimetres of cuticle 

 a centimetre apart around the equators of the apples. The 

 apples were floated for one week in the solution, and kept for 

 one week in air before examination. 



Brucine Nitrate. — 



One per 10,000. Pits 1 to 2 mm. deep. 



One per 100,000. Superficial browning to pits 1 mm. deep. 



One per 1,000,000. No effect to slight superficial browning. 



One per 10,000,000. No perceptible effect. 



Strych nin e Siiljjh a it. — 



One per 100,000. Pits 1 to 2 mm. deep. 



One per 1,000,000. From superficial browning to pits barely 

 exceeding 0.5 mm. in depth. 



One per 10,000,000. No perceptible poisoning action. 



xA^pparently therefore Five Crown apples are more sensitive 

 to alkaloids than Rome Beauties, but strychnine sulphate and 



