28a ZONES AND REGIONS [Pt. Ill, Sect. I 



SUMMARY. 



If we summarize the results of this chapter, we arrive at the following 

 conclusions : — 



i. With at least 180 cm. of rainfall, the high-forest alone predominates. 

 In regard to rainfalls of 150-180 cm. no data are available. 



1. With 90-150 cm. of rainfall there is a struggle between xerophilous 

 woodland and grassland. Xerophilous woodland gains the victory when 

 greater heat and more prolonged rainless periods prevail during the 

 vegetative season ; grassland succeeds when a milder temperature, a more 

 even distribution of rainfall during the vegetative season, and windy dry 

 or frosty seasons prevail. 



3. With a rainfall below 90 cm., xerophilous scrub, in particular thorn- 

 forest and thorn-bush, prevails; both of these, if the precipitation be less, 

 pass over into open scrub (semi-desert). 



SELECT LITERATURE. 



Bebber, W. J. van. Die Regenverhaltnisse Indiens. Meteorol. Zeitschr. 1885. 

 Brandis, D. I. On the Distribution of Forests in India. Ocean Highways. 1872. 

 ■ II. Influence of Forests on Rainfall. Indian Forester. Vol. XIV. 



III. Regen und Wald in Indien. Meteorol. Zeitschr. 1887. p. 369. 



Danckelmann, A. v. Die meteorologischen Beobachtungen der Gussfeldt'schen 



Loango-Expedition. Leipzig, 1878. 

 Draenert, F. M. I. Die Vertheilung der Regenmengen in Brasilien. Meteorol. 

 Zeitschr. 1886. 



II. Das Kiistenklima der Provinz Pernambuco. Meteorol. Zeitschr. 1887. 



Engler, A. Ueber die Flora der deutschen Schutzlander in West-Africa. Garten- 

 flora. 18S5. 



Forbes, H. O. A Naturalist's Wanderings in the Eastern Archipelago. London, 



1885. 

 Gardner, G. Travels in the Interior of Brazil during the Years 1836-1841. London, 



1846. 

 Kurz, S. Preliminary Report on the Forest and other Vegetation of Pegu. Calcutta, 



1876. 

 Pechuel-Lbsche, E. Die Vegetation am Kongo bis zum Stanley-Pool. Das Ausland. 



1886. Nos. 20, 21. 

 Sachs, Carl. Aus den Llanos. Leipzig, 1879. 

 Saint-Hilaire, A. de. Tableau de la vegetation primitive dans la province de Minas 



Geraes. Annales des sciences naturelles. Tome XXIV. 1831. 



