410 ZONES AND REGIONS [Pt. Ill, Sect. I 



Avicennia officinalis alone reveals itself at a few isolated stations north 

 as far as Sinai. In the South-West direction it continues as a mixed 

 formation to 30 S. in Natal. 



The Western Mangrove extends in a North-East direction as far as 

 Bermuda (32° N.), but on the American continent only to South Florida 

 (27°-28° N.). I have observed it to the South-East even on the island of 

 Santa Catharina (27° S.), growing as luxuriant mixed bush. The North- 

 West limit, according to Drude's Atlas, occurs in South California. The 

 South-West limit is at 4 S., for the dryness of the climate precludes its 

 further extension southwards. 



SELECT LITERATURE. 



1. Edaphic Influences in Tropical Inland Country. 



Brandis, D. Die Familie der Dipterocarpaceen und ihre geographische Verbreitung. 



Sitzungsber. d. niederrhein. Gesellsch. fur Natur- und Heilkunde zu Bonn. 



1896. 

 Junghuhn, Fr. Java, deszelfs gedaante, bekleeding en invendige structuur. German 



Edition by Hasskarl. Bd. I. 1852. 

 Kurz, S. Preliminary Report on the Forest and other Vegetation of Pegu. 



Calcutta, 1875. 

 Warming, E. Lagoa Santa. Skrifter a. d. kgl. danske Videnskabernes Selskab. 



1892. 

 Wohltmann, F. Die naturiichen Faktoren der tropischen Agrikultur und die Merk- 



male ihrer Beurtheilung. Leipzig, 1892. 

 Zollinger, H. Ueber Pflanzenphysiognomie im Allgemeinen und diejenige der 



Insel Java insbesondere. Zurich, 1855. 



2. The Formations of the Tropical Seashore. 



Borgesen, F., og Paulsen, Ove. Om vegetationen paa de dansk-vestindiske oer. 



Kjobenhavn, 1898. 

 Cleghorn, H. On the Sand-binding Plants of the Madras Beach. Hooker's Journ. 



of Botany. Vol. VIII. 1858. 

 Engler, A. Die Pflanzenwelt Ost-Afrikas und der Nachbargebiete. Theil A. 



Berlin, 1895. 

 Goebel, K. I. Die Luftwurzeln von Sonneratia. Berichte der deutschen botanischen 



Gesellschaft. Bd. IV. 1886. 



II. Pflanzenbiologische Schilderungen. Theil I. Marburg, 1889. 



Haberlandt, G. I. Eine botanische Tropenreise. Leipzig, 1893. 



II. Ueber die Ernahrung der Keimlinge bei viviparen Mangrovenpflanzen. 



Annales du Jardin Botanique de Buitenzorg. Vol. XII. 1895. 

 Johow, Fr. Die Mangrovensumpfe. Kosmos. 1884. 

 Junghuhn, Fr. Java, deszelfs gedaante, bekleeding en invendige structuur. German 



Edition by Hasskarl. Bd. I. 1852. 



