Cm. V] WARM TEMPERATE MOIST WINTER DISTRICTS 521 



On ground that is open, or, at any rate, less covered with shrub-wood, 

 there are developed numerous forms of bulbous or tuberous plants, the usual 

 companions of sclerophyllous plants. These are tulips, narcissi, asphodels, 

 species of Muscari, Orchis, Ophrys, Gladiolus, Arum, and so forth ; anemones 

 may also be included. In their company appear narrow-leaved xerophilous 





Fig. 286. Sclerophyllous flora of the Mediterranean. Pistacia Lentiscus. Natural size. 



grasses, perennial herbs with persistent stiff leaves, and short-lived spring 

 annuals in great variety. 



In order to characterize the Mediterranean sclerophyllous formation more pre- 

 cisely, we may note that the Quercus Ilex-formation in France always includes the 

 following plants 1 : Cistus monspeliensis and C. albidus, Lavandula latifolia, Thymus 

 vulgaris, Genista Scorpius, Daphne Gnidium, Brachypodium ramosum, Smilax 

 aspera, Quercus coccifera, Phillyrea angustifolia, Pistacia Terebinthus, Dorycnium 



1 Flahault, III, p. Ixvi. 



