Chap. X] EDAPHIC INFLUENCES IN TEMPERATE ZONES 655 



their outer and inner series. On the former and playing the same part as 

 in the north, Psamma arenaria reveals itself. The plants accompanying it 

 are partly the same as on the northern coasts, for instance, Eryngium mari- 

 timum, Honckenya peploides, Agropyron junceum, Cakile maritima, Salsola 

 Kali, Calystegia Soldanella ; they are partly southern species ; in Portugal, 

 for instance, Artemisia crithmifolia, Crucianella maritima, Euphorbia Para- 

 lias, Scrophularia frutescens, Diotis maritima, Pancratium maritimum. 



As the first occupants that fix the sand in the Camargue, Flahault and 

 Combres mention Juncus maritimus, Cynodon Dactylon, Scirpus Holo- 

 schoenus, Eryngium maritimum, Agropyron junceum, A. acutum, A. cam- 



Fig. 397. Dunes on the island of Fano (North Sea). Right hand : Elymus arenarius. 

 Left hand : Psamma arenaria. After Warming. 



pestre, Ephedra distachya, Ammophila arenaria, Echinophora spinosa, Cle- 

 matis Flammula, Schoenus nigricans, Juncus acutus, Saccharum cylindricum, 

 Juniperus phoenicea, Medicago marina, Anthemis maritima, Teucrium 

 Polium, Artemisia campestris, and Helichrysum Stoechas. 



The rocky cliffs possess a less marked halophytic flora than does the sandy 

 and especially the swampy shore, and their vegetation is oecologically allied 

 to that of rocky formations (Fig. 395). 



Descriptions of littoral formations are available for Europe only. Our 

 Figs. 394, from Florida, and 398, from New Zealand, show that the dune- 

 vegetation in those places, though differing in systematic composition, yet 

 oecologically approaches that of Europe. 



