Chap. X] EDAPHIC INFLUENCES IN TEMPERATE ZONES 66 1 



cula vulgaris and species of Utricularia are also inhabitants of Central 

 European moors. Yet the carnivorous flora of our moors is not comparable 

 with that of North America. For instance, on the high-moors of Massa- 

 chusetts, in addition to large species of Drosera, I saw Sarracenia purpurea 

 and the terrestrial Utricularia cornuta l forming an essential part of the vege- 

 tation ; and in Florida large insectivorous plants, such as Pinguicula lutea, 

 P. elatior and P. pumila, Sarracenia variolaris, quite dominate the moorland 

 vegetation. Apart from moors, carnivorous plants inhabit chiefly sterile 

 sand, that is to say a substratum which, like peaty soil, is characterized by 

 great poverty in nutritive substances. Thus in Florida I saw the little 

 Utricularia subulata as the sole colonist on sandy tracts, above which their 

 capillary leafless scapes raised themselves, whilst the bladders inserted on 

 the rhizomes and concealed in the ground supplied nearly all the nutriment. 

 The fact that a few insectivorous plants, for instance species of Nepenthes, 

 occur on a richer substratum does not militate against their significance in 

 the flora of sterile ground. Moreover, I saw a Nepenthes (N. melamphora?) 

 growing luxuriantly on the sterile gravel of the volcano Guntur in Java. 



SELECT LITERATURE. 



i. General. 



Compare literature cited on p. 190. 



2. Temperate Littoral Formations. 



Ascherson, P. Die Salzstellen der Mark Brandenburg. Zeitschr. d. deutsch. 



geolog. Gesellsch. Bd. XI. 1859. 

 Brick, C. Beitrage zur Biologie und vergleichenden Anatomie der baltischen 



Strandpflanzen. Schriften der naturforschenden Gesellschaft zu Danzig. 



Bd. VII. 1888. 

 Buchenau, Fr. I. Flora der ostfriesischen Inseln. 1887. 



II. Ueber die Vegetationsverhaltnisse des ' Helms' (Psamma arenaria) und der 



verwandten Diinengraser. Abhandl. d. naturw. Vereins zu Bremen. Bd. X. 

 1889. 



III. Die Pflanzenwelt der ostfriesischen Inseln. Ibid. Bd. XI. 1889. 



Contejean, Ch. Geographie botanique. Paris, 1881. 



Daveau, J. La flore littorale du Portugal. Bulletin de l'herbier Boissier. Tome IV. 



1896. 

 Drude, O. Deutschlands Pflanzengeographie. Theil I. 1896. 

 Flahault, Ch., et Combres, P. Sur la flore de la Camargue et les alluvions du Rhone. 



Bulletin de la societe botanique de France. Tome XLI. 1894. 



A. F. W. Schimper, op. cit., where the oecology of this plant is described. 



