Chap. II] ARCTIC PLANT FORMATIONS 689 



The character of a true tundra is exhibited by Warming's ' Fjeld -formation,' 

 which covers the greater part of Greenland that is not ice-bound and alone 

 extends to the north. Whilst in the dwarf-shrub-tundra the vegetation still 

 determines the general colouring, the tint of the fjeld-formation is that of 

 the gravelly, sometimes dry, sometimes cold and wet soil. Dwarf shrubs 

 are here very feebly represented. The meagre flora is composed of 

 herbaceous perennials, mosses, and lichens. 



SELECT LITERATURE. 



Kihlman, A. O. Pflanzenbiologische Schilderungen aus Russisch-Lappland. Acta 



Societatis pro Fauna et Flora fennica. Vol. VI. 1890. 

 Kjellman, F. K. Aus dem Leben der Polarpflanzen. In Nordenskjold, Studien und 



Forschungen, veranlasst durch meine Reisen im hohen Norden. Leipzig, 



1885. 

 Middendorff, A. v. Die Gewachse Sibiriens. In Sibirische Reise. Bd. IV, 



Theil 1, Lief. 4. 1864. 

 Nathorst, A. G. Studien uber die Flora Spitzbergens. Engler's Jahrbucher. 



Bd. IV. 1883. 

 Warming, E. Ueber Greenland's Vegetation. Ibid. Bd. X. 1888. 



Yy 



