77 8 



ZONES AND REGIONS [Pt. Ill, Sect. IV 



REGIONS ON THE TATRA (CENTRAL CARPATHIANS) 1 . 

 Montane Region. 



Beech 



Larch and spruce 



Cembran pine and birch 



Alpine Region. 



Elfin-wood (Pinus Pumilio) ........ 



Alpine perennial herbs and dwarf-shrubs 



Feet. 

 up to 3,100 

 „ 4,600 

 ,, 4,8co 



,, 6,ooo 

 „ 6,900 



REGIONS ON THE PYRENEES 2 

 Basal and Montane Region. 



Broad-leaved forest predominating 



Chestnut 



Oak (Quercus Robur) 



Beech 



Silver-fir 



Coniferous forest predominating 



Spruce 



Alpine perennial herbs and dwarf-shrubs 



Meters. 



up to 1,600 (1,700) 



„ 500 (800) 



„ 1,600 



650-1,600 (1,850) 



up to 1,950 



1,600-2,200 (2,400) 



1,500-2,400 



up to 2,750 (snow-limit) 



REGIONS ON THE CAUCASUS (Abk/iasian slope) 3 . 

 Basal and Montane Region up to 6,600 feet 



Ash and elm-forest. 



Beech-forest. 



Coniferous forest (Picea orientalis and Abies Nordmanniana). 



Birch. 

 Alpine Region up to 9,100 feet (ht. of pass) 



REGIONS ON THE TIAN-SHAN 4 . v . 



r eet. 



Basal and Montane Region up to 7,600 



Desert 



Coniferous forest (Pinus Schrenkiana) 

 Alpine Region. 



Alpine shrubs .... 

 Snow-limit ..... 



4, coo 

 7,600 



9,000 

 11,540 



Meters. 

 up to 300 

 ,, 800 



REGIONS ON THE ALTAI 5 . 

 Basal and Montane Region. 



Desert 



Pine-forest (with birch and aspen) 



Larch-forest (with Abies excelsa, A. sibirica). 



Pinus Cembra 1,360 (north side), 1,700 (south side) 



Alpine Region. 



Snow-limit 2,100 (2,300) 



REGIONS ON THE VOLCANO ONTAKE (JAPAN, 35 N.). 

 Basal and Montane Region. 



Meadows and mixed forest of broad-leaved and coniferous trees jr eett 



(pine, silver-fir, Retinospora, Quercus, Fagus, Acer . . . up to 4,600 

 Coniferous forest (Pinus Tsuga and P. bicolor) ,, 5,550 



1 Wahlenberg, op. cit. 2 Drude, op. cit. 3 Radde, op. cit. 



4 Semenov, op. cit. 5 Krasnov, op. cit. 6 Rein, op. cit. 



